Surface modification of carbon fiber with imidazolium ionic liquids

Ghafoor, Bilal; Schrekker, Henri Stephan; Morais, Jonder; Amico, Sandro Campos

doi:10.1080/09276440.2022.2029310

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The compositional maps showed chlorine for CF-1Cl, sulfur and fluorine for CF-1NTf 2 , and chlorine for CF-1OH, in addition to carbon and oxygen, being distinguishable characteristics to affirm the presence of the corresponding ILs on the CF surface. The attachment of IL to CF may be possible due to π-π bond stacking, and this is the only apparent mechanism that can provide interaction [ 30 ]. Flexibly, present on the surface of carbon fiber, its molecular component will provide a bonding mechanism with the epoxy matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CF was washed with ethanol (designated as CF-W) to measure its interfacial strength and to establish differences due to the ethanol treatment on CF. This is the same procedure followed in our previous study [ 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study of our group, 10% w / v of IL was used to treat CF, focusing on the effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic anions [ 30 ]. The successful non-covalent modification of unsized carbon fiber in a mild treatment with ILs has opened new alternatives for the CF treatment without harming its inherent properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Fibers Modified with Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

2022

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A multifunctional designing approach is of great importance for advanced composite applications. This study assessed the use of ionic liquids (ILs) to modify the surface of carbon fiber (CF) and impart multifunctional characteristics to it. For that, ethanolic solutions of different ILs, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, at different concentrations, were used to treat the CF. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of IL on the CF surface. The contact angle for 1% w/v IL-treated CF and DGEBA epoxy decreased by up to 35%, corresponding to an increase in surface energy of fiber, accompanied by an increase of 91% in interfacial shear strength. These enhancements were achieved with the hydroxy-functionalized IL, showing the tunability of CF properties through the N-imidazolium substituent. An increase in crystallite size along the basal plane was also found due to the ordering of the graphitic structure on the surface. Moreover, there was a decrease in electrical resistivity of 77%. In all, the imidazolium ILs were considered a promising approach to induce multifunctional characteristics, namely enhanced interfacial strength and electrical conductivity, to unsized CF, which can also be beneficial for recycled fibers without deteriorating their inherent surface properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Fibers Modified with Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

2022

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“…Indeed, the research on these organic salts has been increasing in the last years [ 42–44 ] and recent reviews on the modification of nano/micro fillers with IL can be found. [ 45,46 ] However, none of them focuses on the evaluation of the IL‐modified fillers when an epoxy matrix is used, especially no systematic review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[40] IL can also participate as activators in associative covalently adaptable networks, obtaining a new high performance recyclable thermoset polymer, known as vitrimer. [41] Indeed, the research on these organic salts has been increasing in the last years [42][43][44] and recent reviews on the modification of nano/micro fillers with IL can be found. [45,46] However, none of them focuses on the evaluation of the IL-modified fillers when an epoxy matrix is used, especially no systematic review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquid‐functionalized reinforcements in epoxy‐based composites: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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Several high‐performance reinforcements may be used in epoxy‐based composites. These commonly undergo chemical and/or physical treatments to enhance their interfacial interactions with polymer matrices. One recent technology comprises the use of ionic liquids (IL) as compatibilizers. This strategy may result in the development of composite materials with greater performance or multifunctional characteristics. Herein, an overview in the area of IL‐modified reinforcements and their effect on epoxy‐based composites is presented. The PRISMA protocol was followed for the review, and the focus of these studies was on the modification of carbon nanotubes, followed by graphene/graphite nanoplatelets and bio‐fillers. The most used IL were those based on imidazolium cation, especially 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride. In most cases, when IL are used, the reinforcement displays stronger interactions with the epoxy matrix, depending the treatment route employed. Improved interfacial interactions are cited as the main reason for the improvement in the composite mechanical and thermal performances. It was also found that strategies for using low IL content, or routes that enable recovery of the salts after fiber/particle treatment, are still required, as well as the study of the influence of different amounts/types of IL on the structure of fillers and their relationships with the composite properties.

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Coupling effect of ionic liquids on the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of polymer composites: A succinct review

Shamsuri,

Md. Jamil,

Abdan

2024

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

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The growing study of polymer composites has motivated scientists to explore more methodologies to enhance the final demanding properties of polymer composites. Polymer composites have commonly been fabricated using thermosets or thermoplastics with synthetic or natural fillers. Lately, ionic liquids have been applied as coupling agents for polymer composites. In this succinct review, two types of ionic liquids, specifically imidazolium‐ and phosphonium‐based ionic liquids that are applied as coupling agents, are identified. Additionally, the synthesis of ionic liquids with different precursors and reactions is explained. The coupling effect of ionic liquids on the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of polymer composites is also succinctly reviewed. The knowledge shown in this review gives a more transparent comprehension of the fabrication of polymer composites coupled with ionic liquids and the essential properties of polymer composites. In conclusion, most imidazolium‐ and phosphonium‐based ionic liquids can improve several mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of thermoset and thermoplastic composites.

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Surface modification of carbon fiber with imidazolium ionic liquids

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Fibers Modified with Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Fibers Modified with Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquid‐functionalized reinforcements in epoxy‐based composites: A systematic review

Coupling effect of ionic liquids on the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of polymer composites: A succinct review

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