Abstract:A multifunctional designing approach is of great importance for advanced composite applications. This study assessed the use of ionic liquids (ILs) to modify the surface of carbon fiber (CF) and impart multifunctional characteristics to it. For that, ethanolic solutions of different ILs, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, at different concentrations, were used to treat the CF. Fourier-transform… Show more
“…28–30 This improved interfacial strength could be possibly due to the same behavior as IL-treated CF with epoxy matrix which has been explained in our previous studies through fiber pull out tests. 31 In the case of 5-MW (Figure 4(c) and (d)) at the same concentration in epoxy (1 wt%), a comparatively high agglomeration and concentration areas belonging to MWCNT were present. Such areas reduce the adhesion, form stress concentration points and the collective effectiveness of these points cause a decrease in mechanical properties of the composite.Figure 4.TEM micrographs of 1-MW (a), (b) and 5-MW (c), (d) in epoxy matrix.…”
Hybrid composite laminates with nanofillers are high performance materials for thermal and structural applications. In this work, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were non-covalently modified by treating them with 1 wt% or 5 wt% of ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The treated MWCNT were dispersed in epoxy resin (weight content: 0.2–2 wt% or 1 to 3 wt%, respectively) and used to obtain hybrid composite laminates based on carbon fibers (CF) molded by hand layup and vacuum bagging techniques. The hybrid composite laminate containing 1 wt% of MWCNT modified with 1 wt% of IL showed the best mechanical and thermomechanical properties, including an increase of 210% and 151% in flexural strength and modulus, and an increase of 101%, 116% and 29.3% in storage modulus, loss modulus and damping, respectively. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs showed the enhanced MWCNT dispersion and network at low IL content, justifying its improved mechanical properties. The application of a low amount of IL dispersant was found a promising approach to prepare MWCNT/CF/epoxy composites with enhanced properties.
“…28–30 This improved interfacial strength could be possibly due to the same behavior as IL-treated CF with epoxy matrix which has been explained in our previous studies through fiber pull out tests. 31 In the case of 5-MW (Figure 4(c) and (d)) at the same concentration in epoxy (1 wt%), a comparatively high agglomeration and concentration areas belonging to MWCNT were present. Such areas reduce the adhesion, form stress concentration points and the collective effectiveness of these points cause a decrease in mechanical properties of the composite.Figure 4.TEM micrographs of 1-MW (a), (b) and 5-MW (c), (d) in epoxy matrix.…”
Hybrid composite laminates with nanofillers are high performance materials for thermal and structural applications. In this work, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were non-covalently modified by treating them with 1 wt% or 5 wt% of ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The treated MWCNT were dispersed in epoxy resin (weight content: 0.2–2 wt% or 1 to 3 wt%, respectively) and used to obtain hybrid composite laminates based on carbon fibers (CF) molded by hand layup and vacuum bagging techniques. The hybrid composite laminate containing 1 wt% of MWCNT modified with 1 wt% of IL showed the best mechanical and thermomechanical properties, including an increase of 210% and 151% in flexural strength and modulus, and an increase of 101%, 116% and 29.3% in storage modulus, loss modulus and damping, respectively. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs showed the enhanced MWCNT dispersion and network at low IL content, justifying its improved mechanical properties. The application of a low amount of IL dispersant was found a promising approach to prepare MWCNT/CF/epoxy composites with enhanced properties.
The growing study of polymer composites has motivated scientists to explore more methodologies to enhance the final demanding properties of polymer composites. Polymer composites have commonly been fabricated using thermosets or thermoplastics with synthetic or natural fillers. Lately, ionic liquids have been applied as coupling agents for polymer composites. In this succinct review, two types of ionic liquids, specifically imidazolium‐ and phosphonium‐based ionic liquids that are applied as coupling agents, are identified. Additionally, the synthesis of ionic liquids with different precursors and reactions is explained. The coupling effect of ionic liquids on the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of polymer composites is also succinctly reviewed. The knowledge shown in this review gives a more transparent comprehension of the fabrication of polymer composites coupled with ionic liquids and the essential properties of polymer composites. In conclusion, most imidazolium‐ and phosphonium‐based ionic liquids can improve several mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of thermoset and thermoplastic composites.
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