Surface modification of carbon black by oleic acid for miniemulsion polymerization of styrene

Abstract

To carry out miniemulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of carbon black, carbon black was hydroxylated using potassium permanganate with the aid of a phase transfer catalyst, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBABr). The hydroxylated carbon black was further reacted with oleic acid. The surface modification of carbon black with oleic acid was confirmed by FTIR, XPS, and TEM. The oleic acid-coated carbon black was successfully microencapsulated by polystyrene using miniemulsion polymerization. Polymerization failed when pristine carbon black was used. However, satisfactory conversion (> 96%) was achieved using the oleic acidmodified carbon black. The existence of a polystyrene layer was confirmed by TEM. In contrast the pristine carbon black, the oleic acid-coated carbon black did not act as a radical scavenger during polymerization.

Carbon black/octadecane composites for room temperature electrical and thermal regulation

“…1(e), and new peaks appeared at 287.5 and 288.3 eV. The new peaks should come from the carbonyl and ester groups after hydroxyl groups reacted with oleic acid [27,30]. The similar structures of the function groups and hexane make CB-OA hydrophobic again but disperse well in hexane after 2 days of standing, as insert photo in Fig.…”

Novel design of alumina foams with three‐dimensional reticular architecture for effective high‐temperature particulate matter capture

“…The O 1s spectrum of CB is indicative of C–O (531.8 eV; see Figure C) . After grafting, two additional peaks in C1s spectrum at 285.6 and 287.6 eV, respectively corresponding to functional groups of C–N and C=O are observed on the GCB surface (see Figure D) . Compared with O1s spectrum of CB, new peak of O1s spectrum located at 532.3 eV (C=O) is detected in GCB, indicating the formation of ester group on its surface (Figure E) .…”

“…28 After grafting, two additional peaks in C1s spectrum at 285.6 and 287.6 eV, respectively corresponding to functional groups of C-N and C=O are observed on the GCB surface (see Figure 3D). 29 Compared with O1s spectrum of CB, new peak of O1s spectrum located at 532.3 eV (C=O) is detected in GCB, indicating the formation of ester group on its surface ( Figure 3E). 30 The N1s spectrum of GCB is comprised of two peaks of 398.9 (C-N) and 400.8 eV (NH), confirming the formations of amine and amide groups on its surface ( Figure 3F).…”

Synthesis of nanocomposites from cationic polyacrylamide and modified carbon black: Application as flocculants for oily sludge suspension

“…The methods of modification are mainly gas‐phase oxidation method, gas‐phase catalytic oxidation method, plasma method, liquid‐phase oxidation method, etc . The liquid‐phase oxidation method has been extensively used in the past, and it is currently the most used method for the modification of carbon black …”