Surface modification and grafting of carbon fibers: A route to better interface

Raphael, Nischith; Namratha, K.; Chandrashekar, Bananakere Nanjegowda; Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar; Ponnamma, Deepalekshmi; Shankaregowda, Smitha Ankanahalli; Krishnaveni, S.; Cheng, Chun; Byrappa, K.

doi:10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2018.07.001

Cited by 75 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…9a. This dielectric permittivity enhancement with the presence of filler particles is generally explained in terms of Maxwell-Wagnar-Sillars effect, 10,13 which explains the significance of heterogeneous interfaces (filler-polymer) in regulating electron transfer mechanism. Lower amounts of the particles and the less dispersion rates do not cause much filler-filler interactions and network formation within the polymer nanocomposites, causing many defects and voids in the interfacial junctions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is often achieved by surface modification or compatibilization techniques including chemical functionalization of nanotubes. 13,14 Wang et al applied the principle of 3D self-segregated structures for fabricating polydimethylsiloxane/MWCNT nanocomposite with high electrical conductivity of 0.003 S m À1 , at 0.2 vol.% of MWCNT, maximizing the interfacial interaction through the formation of chemical bonds. 15 Hybrid nanocomposites are other alternatives to achieve maximum properties with excellent filler dispersion due to the synergistic influences of the fillers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas Sensing and Power Harvesting Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites Containing Hybrid Nanotubes

Ponnamma

Sharma

Saharan

et al. 2020

Journal of Elec Materi

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Gas sensing properties at room temperature and energy harvesting performances are realized for the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites containing titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanotubes grown in the presence of carbon nanotubes (CNT). While hydrothermal reaction is practiced for the development of TiO 2 /CNT hybrid nanotubes, spin coating is done for the nanocomposite films to be deposited on sensing electrodes. Influence of various filler concentrations and the synergistic combination of fillers on the sensing characteristics are studied by recording the response times and the stability of the results. Upon exposure to liquefied petroleum gas, the PVDF/TiO 2-CNT (2.5 wt.%) gas sensor shows a sensing response of 0.45 s (400 ppm LPG), approximately nine times higher than the composite containing 2.5 wt.% of TiO 2 or 2.5 wt.% CNT. The piezoelectric response of the samples is also recorded and correlated with the synergistic influence of the filler materials. The current study can stimulate a good trend in fabricating self-powered gas sensors from PVDF nanocomposites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Sensing and Power Harvesting Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites Containing Hybrid Nanotubes

Ponnamma

Sharma

Saharan

et al. 2020

Journal of Elec Materi

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“…Surface treatment of carbon fiber may enhance its efficiency in different aspects e.g., the sticking ability of CF is enhanced due to its wet behavior towards matrices, the Van-der-walls forces can be established which can considerably effect on amalgamation of CF and matrices and mechanical changes can significantly promote the interconnecting of CF towards matrices. Recently, different techniques have been adopted for surface modification of CF and can be listed as oxidation, plasma treatment, gamma treatment, rare earth element treatment and electrochemical treatment [ 103 ]. As shown in Figure 12 .…”

Section: Influencing Factors Of Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Properties and Mechanisms of Carbon Fiber/Polymer Composites for Thermal Management Applications

et al. 2021

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With the increasing integration and miniaturization of electronic devices, heat dissipation has become a major challenge. The traditional printed polymer circuit board can no longer meet the heat dissipation demands of microelectronic equipment. If the heat cannot be removed quickly and effectively, the efficiency of the devices will be decreased and their lifetime will be shortened. In addition, the development of the aerospace, automobiles, light emitting diode (LED{ TA \1 “LED; lightemitting diode” \s “LED” \c 1 }) and energy harvesting and conversion has gradually increased the demand for low-density and high thermal conductive materials. In recent years, carbon fiber (CF{ TA \1 “CF; carbon fiber” \c 1 }) has been widely used for the preparation of polymer composites due to its good mechanical property and ultra-high thermal conductivity. CF materials easily form thermal conduction paths through polymer composites to improve the thermal conductivity. This paper describes the research progress, thermal conductivity mechanisms, preparation methods, factors influencing thermal conductivity and provides relevant suggestions for the development of CF composites for thermal management.

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“…They reported a 13.98% improvement in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of epoxy-based CFRPs. However, the chemical functionalization of CF has been shown to somehow damage the fiber surface by creating unfavorable sporadic pits [ 8 ]. Hence, we have opted for a more physical approach using adsorption of grafts on CF, in this case, linked by Van der Waals secondary force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Surface Energetics of CNT-Grafted Carbon Fibers for Superior Electrical and Mechanical Properties in CFRPs

Badakhsh

Kim

2020

Polymers

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Surface enhancement of components is vital for achieving superior properties in a composite system. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown on carbon fiber (CF) substrates to improve the surface area and, in turn, increase the adhesion between epoxy-resin and CFs. Nickel (Ni) was used as the catalyst in CNT growth, and was coated on CF sheets via the electroplating method. Surface energetics of CNT-grown CFs and their work of adhesion with epoxy resin were measured. SEM and TEM were used to analyze the morphology of the samples. After the optimization of surface energetics by catalyst weight ratio (15 wt.% Ni), CF-reinforced plastic (CFRP) samples were prepared using the hand lay-up method. To validate the effect of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown CNTs on CFRP properties, samples were also prepared where CNT powder was added to epoxy prior to reinforcement with Ni-coated CFs. CFRP specimens were tested to determine their electrical resistivity, flexural strength, and ductility index. The electrical resistivity of CNT-grown CFRP was found to be about 9 and 2.3 times lower than those of as-received CFRP and CNT-added Ni-CFRP, respectively. Flexural strength of CNT-grown Ni-CFRP was enhanced by 52.9% of that of as-received CFRP. Interestingly, the ductility index in CNT-grown Ni-CFRP was 40% lower than that of CNT-added Ni-CFRP. This was attributed to the tip-growth formation of CNTs and the breakage of Ni coating.

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Surface modification and grafting of carbon fibers: A route to better interface

Cited by 75 publications

References 170 publications

Gas Sensing and Power Harvesting Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites Containing Hybrid Nanotubes

Gas Sensing and Power Harvesting Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites Containing Hybrid Nanotubes

Preparation, Properties and Mechanisms of Carbon Fiber/Polymer Composites for Thermal Management Applications

Enhanced Surface Energetics of CNT-Grafted Carbon Fibers for Superior Electrical and Mechanical Properties in CFRPs

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