Surface Membrane Coating as a Versatile Platform for Modifying Antitumor Nanoparticles

Abstract

Antitumor nanoparticles now confront several obstacles, including poor biocompatibility and biodegradability, quick removal, and a short cycle time, given the growing interest in surface membrane coating as a versatile platform for altering nanoparticles and overcoming the limitations of current nanodrug delivery methods. This paper reviews the recent progress of cells, synthetic polymers, polyphenols, and polysaccharides membrane coatings with favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability and easy surface modification on the surface of antitumor nanoparticle platforms, which can provide a promising strategy for endowing nanoparticles with specific and expected performance to optimize the efficiency of antitumor. Furthermore, multiple membrane combination strategies and additional biorecognition ligands modification on the membrane surface are supplied in an attempt to tackle the challenges of single membrane coating in a variety of tumor therapeutic applications and ultimately facilitate effective clinical transformation.

Platelet-Inspired Nanotherapeutics for Biomedical Applications

“…To address this challenge, great efforts have been devoted to developing biomimetic nanosystems. − Among them, owing to the versatility of platelets, biomimetic platelet-inspired nanotherapeutics make it possible to dynamically mediate many physiological and pathological processes . In detail, the various membrane proteins on platelet surface have motivated the use of platelet membrane-camouflaged nanosystems for passive and active targeted delivery of nanodrugs. − Furthermore, the circulation half-life of platelets is approximately 30 h, which makes platelets become potential and favorable drug carriers with outstanding biocompatibility . Besides membrane proteins, two different morphologies of platelets including discoid shape and sphere shape with filopodia also show a significant correlation with physiological and pathological processes .…”

“…At present, cell membrane-camouflaged nanosystems, especially platelet membrane-camouflaged nanosystems, have gained considerable attentions on effective drug delivery due to their unique passive and active targeting capabilities. − On the one hand, CD47 as a “marker-of-self” platelet membrane protein integrates with the signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) on macrophages to escape from the immune clearance and, therefore, contributes significantly to passive drug targeting . On the other hand, in addition to immunomodulatory proteins, platelet membrane also expresses a set of protein content for active drug targeting, including integrin components (e.g., integrin αIIb, α2, α5, α6, β1, and β3) and transmembrane proteins (e.g., GPIbα, GPIV, GPV, GPVI, GPIX, and CLEC-2) .…”

“…As mentioned above, platelet membrane-biomimetic DDSs could enhance the delivery and treatment efficiency of platelet-mediated nanodrugs. − Furthermore, some studies have also found that platelets hold the ability to internalize nanodrugs . Compared to platelet membrane modification, directly using platelets themselves as drug carriers can exhibit more sensitive biological reactivity, so that a new insight has been given into developing nanodrug carriers based on platelets with excellent biocompatibility, immune evasion performance and long blood circulation. − In addition, the basic functions of platelet are not normally affected by encapsulated nanoparticles, which is prerequisite for in vivo research. − More importantly, autologous administration of platelets has motivated the development of personalized therapy. − In recent years, by virtue of full biochemical cross-talk correlation between platelets and tumor cells, nanocarrier-encapsulated platelets have been widely investigated for cancer treatment mainly including (i) chemotherapy, (ii) radiotherapy (RT), and (iii) photothermal therapy (PTT).…”

“…As previously discussed, both platelet membrane-camouflaged nanosystems and nanoparticles-loaded platelets can serve as promising avenues. − In addition to these strategies, platelet-mimicking nanoplatforms also play an indispensable role in the treatment for varies of diseases. − The reason platelets are associated with physiological and pathological processes, is able to contribute to their unique surface morphology and morphology transformation process . Moreover, biological properties of platelets, including migration, activation, adhesion, aggregation, and coagulation, are also nonnegligible .…”

Role of Driving Force on Engineering Layer-by-Layer Protein/Polyphenol Coating with Flexible Structures and Properties

“…Noncovalent interactions between polyphenols and proteins have been proven to be the source of a variety of biological effects, as well as the kinetic and thermodynamic drivers of LbL assembly . However, real-time detection of the coating structure during the assembly process remains a challenge, although many attempts have been made to explore the effects of noncovalent interactions between polyphenols and proteins on the structure and function of LbL-assembled coatings . Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) are common techniques for monitoring the LbL assembly process and characterizing film structures. , Herein, we in situ monitored the LbL assembly process of the most investigated pair of protein and polyphenol, TA and lysozyme (Lyz), by combining QCM-D and SE techniques.…”