“…The highest equivalent stress values below the contact point for each contact force tended to plateau at a value of around 1050 MPa, corresponding to around~73% of the yield strength for this material state. Comparatively, the generated residual stress distributions in Figure 5, which were taken from enlarged views of the region at −4.5 mm to −3.5 mm in Figure 2b for different contact forces, showed an increase in depth and in the amount of introduced compressive stresses in the σ yy component in the surface zone as well as in increase in the counterbalancing tensile residual stresses in the deeper region, which is consistent with the ex situ measurement of residual stresses for different contact forces by Meyer et al [2]. However, compared to the loading state, there was only small improvement since the stresses also tended to plateau at −200 MPa.…”