Surface hardening of 30CrMnSiA steel using continuous electron beam

Fu, Yulei; Hu, Jing; Shen, Xianfeng; Wang, Yingying; Zhao, Wansheng

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2017.08.014

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Similarly, the authors of [28] studied an electron-beam surface treatment of 30CrMnSiA, where the influence of the input energy density was investigated. A cross-sectional SEM image obtained by scanning electron microscopy is shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Electron-beam Surface Hardeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-Beam Surface Treatment of Metals and Alloys: Techniques and Trends

Valkov

Ormanova

Petrov

2020

Metals

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During the last decades, electron-beam treatment technologies (EBTT) have been widely used for surface modification of metals and alloys. The EBT methods are known as accurate and efficient. They have many advantages in comparison with the conventional techniques, such as very short technological process time, uniform distribution of the energy of the electron beam, which allows a precise control of the beam parameters and formed structure and properties of the materials, etc. Moreover, electron-beam treatment technologies are a part of the additive techniques, which are known as modern methods for manufacturing of new materials with unique functional properties. Currently, modern trends in the surface treatment of metals and alloys are based on the combination of electron-beam technologies with other methods, such as thin film deposition, plasma nitriding, etc. This approach results in a significant improvement in the surface properties of the materials which opens new potential applications and can involve them into new industrial fields. This paper aims to summarize the topics related to the manufacturing and surface treatment of metals and alloys by means of electron-beam technologies. Based on a literature review, the development and growth of EBT are considered in details. The benefits of these technologies—as well as their combination with other methods—are extensively discussed.

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Section: Electron-beam Surface Hardeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-Beam Surface Treatment of Metals and Alloys: Techniques and Trends

Valkov

Ormanova

Petrov

2020

Metals

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“…In these technologies, the electrons or photon fluxes interact with the surface of the sample, heat the treated area, and form a thermal distribution. The rate of heating and cooling can be characterized by quite high values (about 10 5 -10 6 K/s), which lead to some structural changes in the functional properties [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The authors of [11] demonstrated an innovative approach for controlling the surface topography and tribological behavior of biomedical alloys, such as Ti6Al4V, by means of electron beam surface treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Electron Beam Treatment of Co–Cr Alloy on the Growing Mechanism, Surface Topography, and Mechanical Properties of Deposited TiN/TiO2 Coatings

et al. 2019

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This study examines the effect of electron beam treatment (EBT) of Co-Cr substrate on the film growth mechanism, mechanical properties, and surface topography of TiN/TiO 2 coatings deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. The obtained results and processes that occurred during the deposition are discussed in the context of crystallographic principles, and special attention is paid to the crystallographic orientation and growth mechanism studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties were investigated by means of nanoindentation and wear tests. The surface topography was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results obtained in the present study showed that polycrystalline TiN and anatase TiO 2 phases were present in all cases. Electron beam treatment of Co-Cr substrate tended to form a reorientation of the microvolumes from (111) to (200) of TiN, leading to a change in the growth mechanism from three-dimensional (Volmer-Weber) to layer-by-layer (Frank-van der Merwe). It was found that the electron beam treatment process did not significantly affect the thickness of the coatings and the deposition rate. The treatment process led to an increase in surface roughness. The higher surface roughness after the EBT process should be appropriate to support cell growth and adhesion on the surface of the deposited bilayer coating. It was demonstrated that EBT of the substrate caused a decrease in hardness of the deposited coatings from 10 to 5 GPa. The observed decrease in hardness was attributed to the change in the preferred crystallographic orientation and film growth mechanism. The hardness of the bilayer coating after the application of EBT of the Co-Cr substrate was much closer to that of human bones, which means that severe stress shielding effect could not be expected. The evaluated coefficient of friction (COF) exhibited significantly lower values in the case of EBT of the substrate compared to the untreated Co-Cr material.resistance, which depends mostly on the surface properties and can be overcome by appropriate surface modification technologies [4].During the last decades, considerable attention has been paid to surface manufacturing of materials by high-energy fluxes (HEFs) (i.e., electron and laser beams). In these technologies, the electrons or photon fluxes interact with the surface of the sample, heat the treated area, and form a thermal distribution. The rate of heating and cooling can be characterized by quite high values (about 10 5 -10 6 K/s), which lead to some structural changes in the functional properties [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The authors of [11] demonstrated an innovative approach for controlling the surface topography and tribological behavior of biomedical alloys, such as Ti6Al4V, by means of electron beam surface treatment. Other researchers [12,13] have successfully demonstrated the possibilities for enhancing the wear and corrosion properties of steel by the formation of carbon fiber-reinforced Ni-based composite coatings via laser cladding. Laser beam technologie...

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“…Similar to [33], the cooling rate of the molten surface layer is estimated from the size of the prior β grains that appeared during electron beam treatment. It is found that an approximate cooling rate reaches a value of 2.5 × 10 5 K/s, which is much higher than the typical cooling rate of the molten surface layer produced by continuous electron beam treatment (10 3 -10 4 K/s) that was pointed out in [34,35]. It can be deduced that the ultimate cooling rate is due to the high efficiency heat sink by means of water cooling of the titanium baseplate.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 74%

Continuous Electron Beam Post-Treatment of EBF3-Fabricated Ti–6Al–4V Parts

Panin

Kazachenok

Перевалова

et al. 2019

Metals

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In the present study, the methods of optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction analysis gained insights into the mechanisms of surface finish and microstructure formation of Ti–6Al–4V parts during an EBF3-process. It was found that the slip band propagation within the outermost surface layer provided dissipation of the stored strain energy associated with martensitic transformations. The latter caused the lath fragmentation as well as precipitation of nanosized β grains and an orthorhombic martensite α″ phase at the secondary α lath boundaries of as-built Ti–6Al–4V parts. The effect of continuous electron beam post-treatment on the surface finish, microstructure, and mechanical properties of EBF3-fabricated Ti–6Al–4V parts was revealed. The brittle outermost surface layer of the EBF3-fabricated samples was melted upon the treatment, resulting in the formation of equiaxial prior β grains of 20 to 30 μm in size with the fragmented acicular α′ phase. Electron-beam irradiation induced transformations within the 70 μm thick molten surface layer and 500 μm thick heat affected zone significantly increased the Vickers microhardness and tensile strength of the EBF3-fabricated Ti–6Al–4V samples.

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Surface hardening of 30CrMnSiA steel using continuous electron beam

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

Electron-Beam Surface Treatment of Metals and Alloys: Techniques and Trends

Electron-Beam Surface Treatment of Metals and Alloys: Techniques and Trends

Influence of Electron Beam Treatment of Co–Cr Alloy on the Growing Mechanism, Surface Topography, and Mechanical Properties of Deposited TiN/TiO2 Coatings

Continuous Electron Beam Post-Treatment of EBF3-Fabricated Ti–6Al–4V Parts

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