Surface functionalization of greige cotton knitted fabric through plasma and cationization for dyeing with reactive and acid dyes

Abstract

Dyeing cotton fabrics with anionic dyes produces high e uent loads and requires a considerable amount of water and energy due to the electrostatic repulsion with cellulose. Therefore, several approaches have been researched to increase the e cacy of cotton dyeing. One is the cationization, which adds cationic sites to the cellulose. Another is the treatment of the cotton surface with plasma. In this paper, the combination of both techniques was investigated. Two commercially available cationic agents were used: 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) and poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) etheralt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] quaternized, a novel cationic agent also known as Polyquaternium2 (P42). The plasma treatment was performed using a dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric plasma facility, helium was used as seed gas and 1.5 % of oxygen was injected. The cationization and plasma treatment were performed on greige cotton fabric, an innovative and sustainable approach that eliminates conventional scouring and bleaching processes. The cationic and plasma treated samples were dyed using Reactive Red 195 and Acid Blue 260 dyes. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by different characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The plasma treatment slightly increased the light fastness for some samples, but the cationization tends to prevail over the plasma treatment. The best results were attributed to the samples pretreated by CHPTAC, which presented the highest K/S and lowest unlevelness for samples dyed with reactive and acid dyes. CHPTAC is the most common cationic agent for textiles, but its industrial use is limited due to safety criticisms. The combination between plasma and P42 resulted in the same color strength as the conventional reactive dyeing. Therefore, this approach offers a safer alternative to the conventional cationization process.

Preparation of cationic cotton through reaction with different polyelectrolytes

“…P42 has antimicrobial efficacy and non-toxic behavior reported (Kumar et al 2016 ). A sustainable approach with plasma treatment and cationization of cotton at the greige stage using P42 was recently reported by the same research group (Correia et al 2021 ). In the present paper, cationization was performed on bleached cotton as bleaching is the conventional pretreatment for textile dyeing.…”

Cationic cotton modified by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride for salt-free dyeing with high levelling performance

“…Arivithamani and Dev (2018) reported a Comprehensive comparison of reactive dyed cationized cotton hosiery fabrics with traditional dyed cotton. Correia et al (2021) explored cotton treated with plasma and cationization for dyeing. And two cationic agents were used.…”

Study on reactive dyeing in a sustainable nonaqueous medium dyeing system by X-ray electron spectroscopy

“…An energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) is usually used to analyze the composition of substances by way of characteristic X-ray, which is the most basic and commonly used electron microscope technology and has the function of composition analysis. 27,28 In this investigation, the INCA EDS (Oxford Instruments Co., England) was employed to measure the change of fiber element content before and after dyeing. The test voltage was 15 eV.…”