Cationic cotton modified by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride for salt-free dyeing with high levelling performance

Abstract

Traditional dyeing process of cotton has caused a large amount of wastewater with high salt content, which seriously damages the ecological environment. In this work, cotton fabric was modified with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride in order to decrease the electrostatic repulsion with the anionic dyes. A systematic optimization of the process has been performed. The acid dyes were applied instead of the common reactive dyes to dye the modified fabrics. The advantage of the high dye-uptake of acid dyes is studied. The levelness of the fabric dyed by reactive dyes and acid dyes were compared. The adsorption process and the bindings between the modified fabric and anionic acid dyes were further explored. The dyeing process were optimized. Finally, the dye-uptake of the modified fabric dyed by optimized conditions achieves to about 92%, which is comparable to traditional cotton dyeing process.

Spectroscopic Study of the Interaction of Reactive Dyes with Polymeric Cationic Modifiers of Cotton

“…The sodium counterions are observed in the Na1s spectral region (1071.9 eV), while in both Cl2p and S2p regions, doublets are recorded. The first doublet at ~199.0 eV is assigned to Cl 0 attached to the triazine ring, while in the sulfur 2p spectral region a twin doublet is assigned to -SO2-/SO3 -contribution at 168 eV and to SO4 -at 169.2 eV [14,15]; the intensity ratio of the two peaks is ~4/1, in close agreement with the chemical structure of the dye, Fig. 1(f).…”

“…In the past 20 years, numerous efforts were focused on cationization of cotton before the dyeing process [4][5][6][7][8]. Most of these studies used low molecular weight cationic compounds, such as 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride, CHPTAC [1,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Cationization of cotton results to the charged inversion of the cotton surface and the dye is now attracted electrostatically.…”

Comparative Assessment of the Dyeing Process for Pristine and Modified Cotton Fabrics towards the Reduction of the Environmental Fingerprint

“…Furthermore, analogous problems may arise when acid dyes are used instead, where the interaction between the acid dye and the cotton is very weak [13]. An effective approach to increase cotton-dye interactions and avoid any electrostatic repulsions between cellulose and dyes is the chemical modification of cotton fabrics with cationic groups [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Among the various modification approaches, the use of polymers with cationic or amino groups shows advantages such as enhanced reactivity with cotton fibers and dyeing agent penetrability, and homogenous dyeing, which are very promising features in real application [23][24][25].…”

Morphology-controllable bimetallic MOFs/textile composite electrodes with high areal capacitance for flexible electronic devices

“…20 Textiles with good flexibility and permeability could meet many practical applications. 21 It is a considerable way to combine MOFs with textiles for expanding the application scenarios of MOFs. 22 Fabric-based flexible composite materials could be used in many fields like sensors, 23 removal of oil spills, 24 ionic liquid welding, 25 photocatalysts, 26 etc.…”