“…Some of these results show that the trap levels became shallower after insulator modification, and have a negative correlation with the surface flashover voltage [82,87,[93][94][95][96]106]. In other results, however, the trap levels become deeper after insulator modification and have a positive correlation with the surface flashover voltage [117,119,120,122,130,135,136,138,139,141,144,149]. These studies suggest that there seems to be a controversy about the effect of trap parameters on surface flashover performance.…”