Surface enhanced Raman scattering specificity for detection and identification of dried bloodstains

Reese, Thomas S.; Suarez, Christopher A.; Premasiri, W. Ranjith; Shaine, M. L.; Ingraham, H.; Brodeur, Amy N.; Ziegler, L. D.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111000

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For example, Reese et al used SERS to obtain the spectra of bloodstains deposited on gold nanoparticles. 23 Bloodstain samples were swabbed, and an extraction procedure was developed to deposit the sample on the SERS substrate to be analyzed with a 785 nm laser. PLS-DA modeling was able to distinguish between human and animal blood, blood and other red-brown stains, and menstrual and peripheral blood.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application

et al. 2023

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application

et al. 2023

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“…Our interest in optimizing the SERS intensity from samples containing heme proteins stems from ongoing efforts to develop a SERS based platform for trace body fluid detection and identification, including whole dried blood, for forensic applications. [ 27–29 ] We have recently shown that SERS can be a highly sensitive and specific methodology for the detection of bloodstains for forensic science applications. A rapid protocol using 1 μl of 50% acetic acid, pH ~ 2, to extract and transfer a sample to a Au or Ag SERS substrate resulted in a strong, highly robust SERS spectrum excited at 785 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As indicated above, the low pH environment resulted in consistently strong SERS spectra of dried blood. [ 28,29 ] Hence, this procedure is adapted here for learning about differences between heme B and heme C SERS activity, and for further confirming the molecular mechanism of solvation effects on the SERS activity of heme proteins for identification purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A rapid protocol using 1 μl of 50% acetic acid, pH ~ 2, to extract and transfer a sample to a Au or Ag SERS substrate resulted in a strong, highly robust SERS spectrum excited at 785 nm. [ 28,29 ] This wavelength is electronically non‐resonant for the heme moiety and the SERS substrate was a SiO 2 “chip” covered with embedded clusters of Au or Ag 80‐to 100‐nm nanoparticles. [ 30 ] In contrast, when water was used as an extraction solvent, weaker, less robust dried blood SERS signatures were acquired on these substrates, particularly on Au substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such solvent systems relate to the successful protocol developed for forensic blood detection. [ 28,29 ] For example, the dielectric constant of H 2 O, acetic acid and ethanol are 80, 24.6, and 6.9, respectively, and have corresponding relative polarities of 1, 0.648, and 0.654. Electronic absorption spectra of Hb, Mb, and Cyt c in these solvents will also be used to determine initial oxidation states, coordination numbers and spin, confirm interpretations of observed solvation effects on SERS spectra and to distinguish possible chemical (redox) effects of the noble metal environments from the effects of solvents alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NIR surface enhanced Raman spectra of biological hemes: Solvation and plasmonic metal effects

Ingraham

Premasiri

Ziegler

2021

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Surface enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) excited at 785 nm are reported for hemoglobin, myoglobin, two heme B proteins, and cytochrome c, a heme C protein, solubilized in a variety of solvent systems and then placed on Au and Ag substrates. These solvent environments include H2O pH 7.4, HCl/water pH 2, HCl/50% ethanol pH 2, 50% acetic acid and the organic layer of a pH 2 HCl/butanone mixture. To obtain the most intense SERS spectra of heme B proteins (Mb and Hb) it is not sufficient to be in a low pH (pH ~ 2) denaturing environment. A hydrophobic solvent component is additionally required in order to efficiently solubilize the cleaved heme moiety and consequently observe intense SERS spectra indicative of these heme B proteins. Although both heme B proteins exhibit virtually identical, metal (Au, Ag) specific SERS spectra, Cyt c is much weaker in the low pH environments and only displays a Ag‐like SERS spectrum on both metals indicating that this heme C protein is not cleaved in any of these solvation environments. The strong SERS signals of hemoglobin and myoglobin are due to hemin and ferric acetate heme formed in pH 2 HCl/ethanol and pH 2/50% acetic acid solutions respectively. SERS vibrational features confirm oxidation state, coordination number and ligands. SERS signals due to globin protein aggregation effects are reduced in low pH solvent systems with polarities lower than pure water. These results confirm the mechanism of a successful acetic acid protocol previously developed for the highly sensitive SERS detection of dried blood for forensic applications and indicate how it may be further improved to achieve even higher SERS sensitivity for heme protein detection.

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Identification of blood species based on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy and convolutional neural network

Chen

Wang

Tian

et al. 2022

Journal of Biophotonics

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The identification of blood species is of great significance in many aspects such as forensic science, wildlife protection, and customs security and quarantine. Conventional Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics is an established method for identification of blood species. However, the Raman spectrum of trace amount of blood could hardly be obtained due to the very small cross‐section of Raman scattering. In order to overcome this limitation, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was adopted to analyze trace amount of blood. The 785 nm laser was selected as the optimal laser to acquire the SERS spectra, and the blood SERS spectra of 19 species were measured. The convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to distinguish the blood of 19 species including human. The recognition accuracy of the blood species was obtained with 98.79%. Our study provides an effective and reliable method for identification and classification of trace amount of blood.

show abstract

Surface enhanced Raman scattering specificity for detection and identification of dried bloodstains

Cited by 24 publications

References 48 publications

Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application

Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application

NIR surface enhanced Raman spectra of biological hemes: Solvation and plasmonic metal effects

Identification of blood species based on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy and convolutional neural network

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