We present an experimental study of the propagation of the THz Zenneck surface wave on an aluminum sheet, now more commonly denoted as the THz surface plasmon ͑TSP͒. Here, the TSP pulse is generated by coupling the THz pulse from a metal parallel-plate waveguide onto the aluminum sheet; the propagated TSP pulse is detected at the output end of the sheet using a standard photoconductive dipole antenna. We separate the associated free-space THz pulse from the TSP pulse using a curved sheet. The observed weakly guided TSP propagation has the expected low group velocity dispersion, but also has anomalously high attenuation and much tighter binding to the metal surface than predicted by Zenneck theory. © 2006 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2171488͔ Surface electromagnetic ͑EM͒ waves have now been studied for more than a century, starting with Sommerfeld's study of EM propagation on a single metal wire, 1 and including Zenneck's description of EM propagation on a flat metal surface.2 An excellent overview of the early EM surface wave investigations is the work by Barlow and Cullen.3 A more recent work also provides a good description of EM surface wave measurements and experimental techniques.4 A good description of EM surface waves from the equivalent point of view of surface plasmons is given in Ref. 5. Most recently, the study of surface plasmons has been stimulated by the observation of unusually high transmission resonances through thin metal subwavelength hole arrays at optical frequencies, 6 which have now been studied in the optical, infrared and THz regions. Here, we describe an experimental study of THz pulses propagating as surface waves, or equivalently as THz surface plasmons ͑TSP͒, on a metal sheet. We measure a much higher attenuation of the propagating TSP pulses and a much reduced spatial extent of the TSP evanescent field than predicted by theory. In previous work, such pronounced disagreement between theory and experiment has resulted in a long standing and unresolved controversy. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] It has been experimentally difficult to distinguish between freely propagating EM radiation along the surface and the guided surface wave. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Due to the collinear propagation and equal phase velocities, power transfer between the two waves easily occurs. Extremely flat and optically smooth surfaces appear to be required to obtain the predicted large propagation distances; 9,12 surface roughness has been predicted to bind the wave more tightly to the surface and thereby increase the attenuation.12 Submicron layers of high-index, low-loss dielectrics on the metal surface can reduce the extent of the evanescent field by an order of magnitude, causing much higher propagation loss. 10,11,14 Our experimental study involved measuring TSP propagation on 10-cm-wide by 51-m-thick Al sheets of different lengths with smooth, but not polished surfaces. As shown in Fig. 1͑a͒, the initially freely propagating THz pulses were collimated and focused into the wavegui...