Surface Degradation Mechanism on CH3NH3PbBr3 Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystal by a Grazing E-Beam Irradiation

Abstract

To start a step such as some realization of minimized and integrated devices, it requires simply understanding the surface status of hybrid perovskite on the e-beam irradiation because many commercial semiconductor devices are performed with a surface patterning process using e-beam or etching gas. The surface status of CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) single crystal was studied after a grazing e-beam irradiation in an ultra-high vacuum. The prepared hybrid perovskite single crystal was irradiated by the 3 degree-grazing e-beam with energy of 15 kV for 10 min using a reflection high-electron energy diffraction technique. The e-beam irradiation on the MAPbBr3 hybrid perovskite single crystal induced the deformation from MAPbBr3 into MABr, Br2, and Pb on the surface. The gas phases of MABr and Br2 are depleted from the surface and the Pb element has remained on the surface. As a result of the e-beam irradiation, it formed a polycrystalline-like phase and Pb metal particles on the surface, respectively.

Photoemission Studies on the Environmental Stability of Thermal Evaporated MAPbI3 Thin Films and MAPbBr3 Single Crystals

“…C, N, and Br were decomposed as volatile species, then escape the sample surface similar to simple outgassing. Interestingly, a similar degradation process was also observed under E-Beam Irradiation [99].…”

The pursuit of stability in halide perovskites: the monovalent cation and the key for surface and bulk self-healing

“…Br 2 formation upon MAPbBr 3 and FAPbBr 3 illumination is expected from the known photo-decomposition (photolysis) of PbBr 2 to Pb 0 and Br 2 , 27,28 similar to PbI 2 decomposition, 55 and from analogy with FAPbI 3 or MAPbI 3 perovskites, which were shown to release I 2 upon illumination. 12,82 Also, Pb 0 and consequent Br 2 loss was identified by other groups after e-beam 83 or X-ray. 84 It is reasonable to think that, with time, Pb 0 will react with the slightly acidic MA + /FA + cations forming H 2 , methylamine/formamidine and PbBr 2 .…”

Highly Water-Stable Polymer–Perovskite Nanocomposites

“…29−31 Additionally, damage, degradation, and desorption of the organic section and Br 2 were observed. 29 (2) Morphological transformations from NC into microscale solids and the aging instability of the NCs were also previously found. 32 The authors used surface engineering to prevent the undesired growth and morphological changes in the solution.…”

“…Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that the Br/Pb ratio was not in good agreement with the PbBr 3 stoichiometry (see Figure S1 in the Supporting Information). Two facts may explain the discrepancy with the theoretical ratio: (1) previous studies revealed that the halide perovskite decomposes during the TEM measurements. − Additionally, damage, degradation, and desorption of the organic section and Br 2 were observed . (2) Morphological transformations from NC into microscale solids and the aging instability of the NCs were also previously found .…”