Surface Coordination of Black Phosphorus with Modified Cisplatin

Abstract

Black phosphorus (BP) is a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial with high charge-carrier mobility, a tunable direct bandgap, and a unique in-plane anisotropic structure; however, the easiness of BP oxidation into P x O y species in ambient conditions largely limits its applications. In this study, modified cisplatin−Pt−NO 3 [Pt-(NH 3 ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ] is used for surface coordination with BP nanosheets to generate Pt@BP, which maintains the surface morphology and properties of BP nanosheets for more than 24 h in ambient conditions. In addition, Pt@BP interacts with DNA both in vitro and in cell. Pt@BP shows a good cellular uptake rate and significantly increases the drug sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines (A2780 and HepG2) compared with unmodified cisplatin. Our study is the first attempt to stabilize bare BP with cationic cisplatin species, and the generated Pt@BP could be used for potential synergistic photothermal/chemotherapy of cisplatin-resistant cancer.

Synthesis and stabilization of black phosphorus and phosphorene: Recent progress and perspectives

“…Recently, Tofan et al have systematically studied the effect of a series of commercial group 13 Lewis acids on BP (Tofan et al, 2021). Also, they have reported that AlBr 3 Lewis acid could more effectively protect the few-layer BP from ambient degradation for at least 84 h and preserves transport properties of BP-based FETs for at least 72 h. Zhang et al proposed a cationic cisplatin species, Pt-(NH 3 ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 , coordinated with the BP nanosheets obtaining Pt @ BP, which has showed stability for 10-day exposure to ambient conditions (Zhang et al, 2019a). The Pt @ BP has exhibited potential biomedical applications owing to its good cellular uptake rate and significant increment in the aspect of the drug sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines compared with unmodified BP.…”

Black phosphorus-based 2D materials for bone therapy

“…Zhang et al prepared metal ion platinum (Pt)-modified bare BP through cation-π interaction to improve the stability of BP nanosheets ( Fig. 3 D–F) [ 77 ]. Wang et al customized the tripeptide Fmoc-Lys-Lys-Phe (Fmoc-KKF) for surface modification of BP nanosheets, and the modified BP@FKK complex not only had excellent stability, but also showed good cellular compatibility and enhanced cell uptake capacity [ 78 ].…”

“…Reprinted with permissons from Ref. [ 77 ], Copyright 2019, Ameriacan Chemical Society. Abbreviations: RBCs, red blood cell; RMMVs, RM nanovesicles; aPD-1, cell death protein 1 antibody; MHC-1, major histocompatibility complex-1; DCs, dendritic cells; APCs, antigen presenting cells; CTL, cytotoxic Tlymphocyte.…”

Recent Advances in Chemical Functionalization of 2D Black Phosphorous Nanosheets

“…The lanthanide functionalization of BP not only prevents the oxidation in water and humid air but also enables them to be fluorescent and possess high R 1 relativities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In a recent example, modified cisplatinPtNO 3 [Pt(NH 3 ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ] was used for the surface modification of BPNSs to generate Pt@BPNSs, which was then interacted with DNA both in vitro and in vivo . Compared with the unmodified cisplatin, the Pt@BPNSs showed a good cellular uptake rate and dramatically improved the drug sensitivity of cisplatin‐resistant cancer cell lines, holding great potential for applications in photothermal/chemotherapy.…”