Black phosphorus-based 2D materials for bone therapy

157

Polysaccharide hydrogels are widely used in tissue engineering because of their superior biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. However, many of these hydrogels are unrealistic for practical applications as the cost of raw materials is high, and the fabrication steps are tedious. This study focuses on the facile fabrication and optimization of agarose-polydopamine hydrogel (APG) scaffolds for skin wound healing. The first study objective was to evaluate the effects of polydopamine (PDA) on the mechanical properties, water holding capacity and cell adhesiveness of APG. We observed that APG showed decreased rigidity and increased water content with the addition of PDA. Most importantly, decreased rigidity translated into significant increase in cell adhesiveness. Next, the slow biodegradability and high biocompatibility of APG with the highest PDA content (APG3) was confirmed. In addition, APG3 promoted full-thickness skin defect healing by accelerating collagen deposition and promoting angiogenesis. Altogether, we have developed a straightforward and efficient strategy to construct functional APG scaffold for skin tissue engineering, which has translation potentials in clinical practice.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mussel-inspired agarose hydrogel scaffolds for skin tissue engineering

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2021

157

“…Scholars have proposed to use black phosphorus (BP) as the mineral source to fabricate mineralized scaffold [ 202 ]. BP has excellent optical properties, good biocompatibility and biodegradability, so it has captured extensive attention in biomedical applications, such as optical therapy, drug/gene transfer, biological imaging and sensing [ [203] , [204] , [205] , [206] ]. BP can degrade to produce phosphate in aqueous solution, which can be invoked as a source of phosphate ions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired mineralized collagen scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Ruan

et al. 2021

186

112

Successful regeneration of large segmental bone defects remains a major challenge in clinical orthopedics, thus it is of important significance to fabricate a suitable alternative material to stimulate bone regeneration. Due to their excellent biocompatibility, sufficient mechanical strength, and similar structure and composition of natural bone, the mineralized collagen scaffolds (MCSs) have been increasingly used as bone substitutes via tissue engineering approaches. Herein, we thoroughly summarize the state of the art of MCSs as tissue-engineered scaffolds for acceleration of bone repair, including their fabrication methods, critical factors for osteogenesis regulation, current opportunities and challenges in the future. First, the current fabrication methods for MCSs, mainly including direct mineral composite, in-situ mineralization and 3D printing techniques, have been proposed to improve their biomimetic physical structures in this review. Meanwhile, three aspects of physical (mechanics and morphology), biological (cells and growth factors) and chemical (composition and cross-linking) cues are described as the critical factors for regulating the osteogenic feature of MCSs. Finally, the opportunities and challenges associated with MCSs as bone tissue-engineered scaffolds are also discussed to point out the future directions for building the next generation of MCSs that should be endowed with satisfactorily mimetic structures and appropriately biological characters for bone regeneration.

“…Recently, BPQDs have served as biocompatible photo-responsive nanoagents for photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy due to their broad light absorption across the ultraviolet and near-infrared regions [ [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] ]. Specifically, BP or BPQDs could be easily degraded by oxygen and water, resulting better biosafety [ [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] ]. However, this characteristics caused BPQDs suffer from rapid renal excretion and overquick degradation in the blood circulation, which limit its biomedical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox responsive nanoparticle encapsulating black phosphorus quantum dots for cancer theranostics

Chen

Liu

Wei

et al. 2021

Effective cancer treatment puts high demands for cancer theranostics. For cancer diagnostics, optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology (including photothermal optical coherence tomography (PT-OCT)) has been widely investigated since it induces changes in optical phase transitions in tissue through environmental changes (such as temperature change for PT-OCT). In this report, redox responsive nanoparticle encapsulating black phosphorus quantum dots was developed as a robust PT-OCT agent. Briefly, black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are incorporated into cysteine-based poly-(disulfide amide) (Cys-PDSA) to form stable and biodegradable nanoagent. The excellent photothermal feature allows BPQD/Cys-PDSA nanoparticles (NPs) as a novel contrast agent for high-resolution PT-OCT bioimaging. The Cys-PDSA can rapidly respond to glutathione and effectively release BPQDs and drugs in vitro and in vivo . And the obtained NPs exhibit excellent near-infrared (NIR) photothermal transduction efficiency and drug delivery capacity that can serve as novel therapeutic platform, with very low chemo drug dosage and side effects. Both of the polymer and BPQD are degradable, indicating this platform is a rare PT-OCT agent that is completely biodegradable. Overall, our research highlights a biodegradable and biocompatible black phosphorus-based nanoagent for both cancer diagnosis and therapy.