Surface Coating of Graphene Quantum Dots Using Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine for Biomedical Optical Imaging

Nurunnabi, Md; Khatun, Zehedina; Nafiujjaman,; Lee, Dong-geun; Lee, Yong-Kyu

doi:10.1021/am4023863

Cited by 139 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…c Schematic illustration of the synthesis of CDs by the photo-Fenton reaction method [64] direction. After that, the mixture of H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 have been widely used to cut many big sized carbon sources, including graphene/graphene oxide (GO) [54][55][56][57], carbon fiber [58,59], graphite powder [60,61], coals [62], and petroleum coke [63] into small sized CDs. Although the obtained CDs by different authors were a little different in morphology, the main structural and PL characteristics are similar.…”

Section: Chemical Oxidation Etchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Based Dots and Their Luminescent Properties and Analytical Applications

Dong

Jian-Hua

Chi

2016

Carbon Nanoparticles and Nanostructures

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Carbon based dots (CDs) composed of sp 2 carbon structures and surface functional groups are a new kind of carbon nanomaterials, exhibiting unique luminescent properties due to the quantum confinement and edge effects. This chapter introduces CDs in detail from their synthetic strategies, morphological and structural characteristics, luminescent properties and mechanisms, and sensing applications. The synthesis methods are summarized as "top-down" and "bottomup" approaches. Luminescent properties discussed include photoluminescence, upconversion luminescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence. Sensing applications mainly refer to the chemical and biological sensors based on the luminescent properties of CDs. This chapter provides an overview of the research field and gives future perspectives for developing the exciting materials.

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Section: Chemical Oxidation Etchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Based Dots and Their Luminescent Properties and Analytical Applications

Dong

Jian-Hua

Chi

2016

Carbon Nanoparticles and Nanostructures

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“…Later, the hydroxy groups of HA were conjugated to carboxy groups via similar DCC-DMAP chemistry to form stable ester bonds. 22 The FTIR spectral peak at 2120 cm ¹1 from C=O groups and 1144 cm ¹1 peak from CO groups confirmed the stable ester bond formation between HA-Ce6 and GQDs ( Figure S2). Figure 1 shows the Fe-SEM and TEM morphology of GQD-HA-Ce6 nanoparticles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

Enhanced Photodynamic Properties of Graphene Quantum Dot Conjugated Ce6 Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy and Imaging

Nafiujjaman¹,

Revuri²,

Park³

et al. 2016

Chem. Lett.

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In this study, we report the enhanced photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) activity of Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-loaded graphene quantum dots (GQDs). GQDs reinforced the Ce6 loading, solubility, and fluorescence in aqueous media and enhanced ROS production and cancer cell death. This GQDs conjugated Ce6 could be a good platform for imaging-guided cancer therapy. Keywords: Graphene quantum dot (GQD) | Photodynamic therapy | Reactive oxygen species (ROS)Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light-sensitive cancer therapy that employs the cooperative interactions between light and photosensitizer (PS) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promote tumor suppression.1 In general, PDT involves in the systemic, local, or topical administration of a nontoxic drug or dye known as PS at the targeted site, followed by selective illumination with the appropriate wavelength and power of light.2,3 During this process, PS absorbs the appropriate wavelength of light and reaches the excited state. While returning to the ground state, PS transfers its energy to the local oxygen molecules and aids in the production of ROS. The ROS thus produced can activate pro apoptotic signals and aid in programmed cancer cell death and complete tumor destruction. 4 In particular, the second-generation PS like Chlorin e6 (Ce6) have gained significant attention in PDT as they possess high ROS production activity with minimal dark toxicity.5 However, the poor biological stability, undesirable pharmacokinetics, non-specific biodistribution, and lack of targeting specificity of Ce6 impede their applications to clinical settings.6 Several carriers including iron oxide nanoclusters, 7 gold nanoparticles, 8 graphene oxide, 4 graphene quantum dots, 9 and silica nanoparticles have been used to improve the stability and therapeutic outcomes of these PS. Chen et al. introduced the concept of photodynamic molecular beacon where 1 O 2 quencher and PS are placed in close proximity by conjugating to the diseasespecific linker and combined the two principles of fluorescence resonance energy transfer and photodynamic therapy. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are 0D nanomaterials that gained significant attention in imaging-guided cancer therapy. Their quantum confinement and edge effect characteristics imparted GQDs with enhanced photostability, tunable photoluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence properties. 1113 Moreover, these materials are biocompatible, non-toxic, and can easily be functioned with diverse drug and biomolecules.14 In addition, GQDs possess higher surface area and have the ability to initiate ππ interactions with the aromatic drug molecules and improve their aqueous stability and solubility.1517 Nanosized GQDs can not only accumulate in the tumor site, generating ROS via a multistage sensitization process, but also generate photothermal properties and promote tumor suppression. 18Here, we first conjugated Ce6 to hyaluronic acid (HA) and further loaded over GQDs to develop targeted, imaging-guided photodynamic therapy to treat cancer (Scheme 1). HA is a ...

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“…The absorbance data were converted to cell viability based on a standard curve (absorbance vs. cell number). 27 The viable quantity of cells were then calculated by the following equation: Cell viability (%)=(absorbance of sample cells/absorbance of control cells)×100.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid photoactive nanomaterial composed of gold nanoparticles, pheophorbide-A and hyaluronic acid as a targeted bimodal phototherapy

et al. 2015

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Modern cancer research is largely focused on the design and development of multifunctional nanomaterials for cancer therapy and diagnosis. In this study, we fabricated a theranostic nanomaterial known as a photomedicine that combines a photothermal therapy (PTT), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a photodynamic therapy (PDT), pheophorbide-A (PheoA), and a cancer-targeting agent, hyaluronic acid (HA); this photomedicine also acts as a bimodal phototherapy. The combination of AuNPs and PheoA exerts a synergistic effect on PTT and PDT when irradiated by a laser source with a specific excitation wavelength. When excited by an external laser source, the hybrid nanomedicine generates singlet oxygen from PheoA while simultaneously generating heat from the AuNP, thus demonstrating a higher efficacy than any of the individual agents. The presence of HA on the outer surface of the Au accelerates the cellular uptake of the nanomedicine through CD44 receptors and prevents nonspecific accumulation of the drug in non-cancerous cells. The multifunctional nanoparticles have a diameter of ~70 nm and show constant stability in different conditions for up to a week of observation. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that multifunctional nanomaterials selectively target cells overexpressing CD44 receptor. In vitro photo-activity assays in the lung cancer cell line (A549) show that over 95% of the cells were dead upon laser irradiation. In brief, this newly developed nanomaterial rapidly accumulates in the tumor within 3 h of IV administration and inhibits tumor growth by 95% upon laser irradiation compared with a saline-treated tumor model observed for 24 days.

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Surface Coating of Graphene Quantum Dots Using Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine for Biomedical Optical Imaging

Cited by 139 publications

References 46 publications

Carbon Based Dots and Their Luminescent Properties and Analytical Applications

Carbon Based Dots and Their Luminescent Properties and Analytical Applications

Enhanced Photodynamic Properties of Graphene Quantum Dot Conjugated Ce6 Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy and Imaging

Hybrid photoactive nanomaterial composed of gold nanoparticles, pheophorbide-A and hyaluronic acid as a targeted bimodal phototherapy

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