Surface Characterization of Vulcanized Rubber Treated with Sulfuric Acid and its Adhesion to Polyurethane Adhesive

Cepeda-Jiménez, C.M.; Pastor-Blas, M. Mercedes; Ferrándiz-Gómez, Teresa P.; Martı́n-Martı́nez, José Miguel

doi:10.1080/00218460008029303

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the existing literature, several surface treatments for rubbers have been proposed including abrasion and chemical treatments such as halogenation [2] or cyclization [3]. Solvent-based chlorination is the most widely used surface treatment for vulcanized rubber because an improvement in the mechanical adhesion (due to surface heterogeneities and cracks) and chemical adhesion (due to carbon-chlorine and carbon-oxygen functionalities) is produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface treatment with UV-ozone to improve adhesion of vulcanized rubber formulated with an excess of processing oil

Moyano

Martı́n-Martı́nez

2014

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

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a b s t r a c tAn excess of processing oil was intentionally added in the formulation of vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber for analyzing the effect on the treatment with UV radiation combined with ozone (UV-ozone) in improving the adhesion to waterborne polyurethane adhesive in footwear. Due to the excess of processing oil in the rubber, poor adhesion was expected. Both the length of the treatment and the distance between the UV radiation source to the rubber surface were studied, and the effects of the treatment on the surface chemistry, wettability and surface energy, and topography of the rubber were analyzed. The treatment of the rubber with UV-ozone removed hydrocarbon moieties and zinc stearate from the surface, and surface oxidation (C-O, C¼ O and COO -groups formation) occurred. As a consequence, improved wettability and increased surface energy (mainly due to the polar component of the surface energy) were obtained. The increase in the length of treatment and for a distance of 3-5 cm from the rubber to the UV radiation source favored the effectiveness of the UV-ozone treatment. Besides, whereas the UV-ozone treatment for 3 min produced the ablation of surface contaminants mainly, longer lengths of treatment (i.e., 6-9 min) caused roughness and cracks on the rubber surface. The UVozone treatment also caused heating of the surface. Finally, the treatment with UV-ozone increased the adhesion of the rubber to waterborne polyurethane adhesive, the highest adhesion was obtained in the joints made with UV-ozone treated rubber for 3 and 6 min at a UV radiation source-rubber surface distance of 5 cm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface treatment with UV-ozone to improve adhesion of vulcanized rubber formulated with an excess of processing oil

Moyano

Martı́n-Martı́nez

2014

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

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“…Figure 2 shows the IRATR spectra of the R2 rubber and polyurethane adhesive before the joint is produced. The IRATR spectrum of R2 rubber shows a wax-rich layer on the surface, mainly constituted by CH 2 Table 1 shows the atomic composition (XPS) corresponding to the as-received R2 rubber and the polyurethane adhesive. Carbon (as hydrocarbon, Table 2) is the main element on the R2 rubber surface, and a small amount of C-O is also obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the locus of failure of oxygen plasma-treated rubber/polyurethane adhesive joints using XPS and IRATR spectroscopy

Pastor-Blas

Ferrándiz-Gómez

Martı́n-Martı́nez

2000

Surf. Interface Anal.

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“…However, it must be taken into account that the effectiveness of a surface treatment for rubber not only depends on the experimental conditions, but it is greatly affected by the formulation of the rubber [38,39]. Therefore, the influence of the formulation of two vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubbers, widely used in the industry, on the effectiveness of nitrogen, air and oxygen plasmas treatments will be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several surface treatments for rubbers have been developed [2,3]: mechanical roughening [4], solvent wiping [5], chemical treatments (cyclization-i.e. use of sulphuric acid- [6] treatment with carboxylic acids [7], halogenation [8][9][10]) and dry treatments involving plasma processes at low [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] or atmospheric [18] pressure and UV treatments [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Rubber Formulation on Surface Modifications Produced by RF Plasma

Ortíz-Magán

Pastor-Blas

2010

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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The effectiveness of nitrogen, oxygen and air Radio Frequency (RF) plasma treatments on two styrene-butadiene vulcanized rubbers with a different formulation has been studied. The presence of an antiadherent surface layer containing low-molecular weight ingredients (sulfur-rich vulcanization agents and wax) from SW (Sulfur-Wax) rubber formulation requires an extended plasma treatment capable of removing this surface layer. When the percentage of antiadherent moieties is reduced in ZS (Zinc Stearate) rubber formulation, shorter plasma treatment times are enough to modify rubber surface and increase its polarity by the creation of C-O and C=O polar groups that enhance adhesion towards a polyurethane adhesive. Air and oxygen plasma treatments are more aggressive than nitrogen plasma and therefore they are more effective in removing the antiadherent layer of the outermost rubber surface layer prior to oxidation of the rubber surface.

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Surface Characterization of Vulcanized Rubber Treated with Sulfuric Acid and its Adhesion to Polyurethane Adhesive

Cited by 50 publications

References 7 publications

Surface treatment with UV-ozone to improve adhesion of vulcanized rubber formulated with an excess of processing oil

Surface treatment with UV-ozone to improve adhesion of vulcanized rubber formulated with an excess of processing oil

Assessment of the locus of failure of oxygen plasma-treated rubber/polyurethane adhesive joints using XPS and IRATR spectroscopy

Influence of Rubber Formulation on Surface Modifications Produced by RF Plasma

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