Assessment of the locus of failure of oxygen plasma-treated rubber/polyurethane adhesive joints using XPS and IRATR spectroscopy

Pastor-Blas, M. Mercedes; Ferrándiz-Gómez, Teresa P.; Martı́n-Martı́nez, José Miguel

doi:10.1002/1096-9918(200008)30:1<7::aid-sia711>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Thus, it would be expected that the adhesion force should steadily increase with increasing plasma treatment time. However, it has already been reported several times that after some time of plasma treatment, the peel strength of the adhesive-bonded joints formed with the polymers begins to decrease during further processing [9,[12][13][14][15]. Besides, it was also observed that for longer treatment time, after the reduction of the peel strength, its re-increase occurred [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Plasma Modification of Styrene–Butadiene Block Copolymer Surfaces for Improved Adhesion—A Kinetic Approach

et al. 2020

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This paper proposed a kinetic model that can describe the changes in the adhesion properties of styrene–butadiene (SBS) block copolymer surfaces under the influence of low-temperature plasma treatment. As a measure of these changes, the peel strength of joints formed between the copolymer surface and the polyurethane adhesive was chosen. Five types of low-temperature low-pressure RF plasma, two inert plasmas (Ar and He), and three reactive plasmas (O2, CO2, and CCl4) were tested. It was found that for all these types of plasma, the peel strength with the plasma treatment time first increases rapidly reaching a maximum value, and then there is a visible decrease in peel strength, after which the peel strength increases again. This dependence of the peel strength on the plasma treatment time is very well described by the proposed model, which considers three processes: (1) the generation of radical states followed by the creation of functional groups involved in the adhesive bonding process, (2) the surface cross-linking that decreases the concentration of these functional groups, and (3) the formation of nano-roughness. The model analysis revealed differences between the action of reactive and inert plasmas in the SBS surface cross-linking mechanism and preferential etching process, as well as differences in the generation of radical states between the O2 plasma (electron process) and other plasmas tested (ionic processes).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Plasma Modification of Styrene–Butadiene Block Copolymer Surfaces for Improved Adhesion—A Kinetic Approach

et al. 2020

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“…However, prolonged surface etching by sulfuric acid may strongly influence the bulk rubber properties 49 . A surface modification technique widely described in the literature is cold plasma treatment (oxygen or nitrogen plasma) 49–77 . However, plasma treatment affects only the near surface of the rubber, leaving the bulk rubber untreated 49 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of nitrile‐butadiene rubber surface by immersion into 1,1,2‐trifluoro‐1,2,2‐trichlor‐ethane and its physio‐chemical properties

Sukhareva

Mikhailov

Mamin

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This study investigated novel methods for treating the surface of nitrile‐butadiene rubber to enhance its stability and resistance to thermal oxidation and aggressive media. The rubber surface was modified using 1,1,2‐trifluoro‐1,2,2‐trichlorethane. The study found that the duration of the modification strongly affected specific properties of the rubbers examined. It was observed that surface modification with 1,1,2‐trifluoro‐1,2,2‐trichlorethane improved the properties of nitrile‐butadiene rubber. Subsequently, the impact of the modification duration on morphology, thermal resistance, and chemical resistance was presented.

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“…Due to their non‐polar nature, rubbers require a surface treatment which creates polar groups that make the rubber surface compatible with the polar polyurethane adhesive, usually used to bond these rubbers to different materials. Previous papers1–5 have shown the effectiveness of the radio frequency (RF) plasma treatment of different gases on styrene‐butadiene copolymers, which resides in ablation, removal of anti‐adherent moieties, and creation of polar CO and CO moieties on the rubber surface that increase the wettability of rubber by the adhesive. However, the effectiveness of the plasma treatment depends on the gas used to generate the plasma and also on the formulation of the rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vulcanized rubbers are especially difficult to bond due to low molecular weight ingredients in their formulation that may migrate to the rubber surface preventing its interaction with the adhesive. In those cases, an extended RF plasma treatment (20 min minimum) is required to ablate the rubber surface and remove the antiadherent layer 1, 2. However, the extended plasma treatment may, in some cases, degrade the rubber surface, so it is preferably to limit the length of the plasma treatment to 1–2 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Adhesion of RF Plasma Treated Rubbers by Isocyanate Incorporation to Polyurethane Adhesive

Ortíz-Magán

Pastor-Blas

2008

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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The effect of addition of isocyanate to a polyurethane adhesive has been investigated. Polyurethane adhesive was used for bonding a thermoplastic (TR) and a vulcanized (VR) synthetic butadiene-styrene rubber. CO 2 plasma treatment has oxidized the rubber surfaces, increasing surface energy (wettability), roughness, and favoring mechanical interlocking of rubber surface with the adhesive. Adhesion of TR rubber towards PU polyurethane adhesive was enhanced by these mechanisms; however, migration of antiadherent low molecular weight moieties to the VR rubber/polyurethane adhesive interface produced a lack of adhesion. In this case, it was necessary to produce the crosslinking with isocyanate of the polyurethane adhesive and of the VR rubber surface.

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Assessment of the locus of failure of oxygen plasma-treated rubber/polyurethane adhesive joints using XPS and IRATR spectroscopy

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Low-Temperature Plasma Modification of Styrene–Butadiene Block Copolymer Surfaces for Improved Adhesion—A Kinetic Approach

Low-Temperature Plasma Modification of Styrene–Butadiene Block Copolymer Surfaces for Improved Adhesion—A Kinetic Approach

Modification of nitrile‐butadiene rubber surface by immersion into 1,1,2‐trifluoro‐1,2,2‐trichlor‐ethane and its physio‐chemical properties

Improved Adhesion of RF Plasma Treated Rubbers by Isocyanate Incorporation to Polyurethane Adhesive

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