Surface characterization of polycaprolactone and carbonyl iron powder composite fabricated by solvent cast 3D printing for tissue engineering

Abstract

In tissue engineering applications, various synthetic biodegradable polymers have got attention due to their excellent physical as well as biological properties. Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been identified as one of the best biocompatible polymers, which have wide applications in biomedical engineering. The surface properties of PCL have limited its utilization in tissue engineering. The researchers have also focused on the development of the PCL blends to enhance the surface characteristics. In the present study, carbonyl iron powder (CIP) reinforced PCL blends were fabricated by the solvent cast 3D printing (SC‐3DP) technique. The characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and surface energy measurement by contact angle were used. The surface free energy of all the surfaces with their polar components was determined by Owens Wendt method. The fibroblasts cell responses were also examined for the assessment of biological properties. The results revealed that the increase in the percentage of CIP in the PCL matrix enhanced the value of surface free energy. The CIP reinforcement influenced the topography and surface roughness of the prepared composites. The change in surface properties affected the cell interactions on the surfaces, as investigated by cell viability test. The cell adhesion and viability were improved at a lower percentage of CIP.

Three‐dimensional printing of triply periodic minimal surface structured scaffolds for load‐bearing bone defects

“…Nowadays, three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds are widely used in bone tissue engineering fabricated by 3D printing technology. [12][13][14] 3D printing technology fabricates the part using the extrusion process of polymer filament in a layer-by-layer format. [15][16][17] Porous scaffolds are presently a main developing subject in research and clinical applications due to their biocompatibility, [18] low density, [19] low toxicity, [20] biodegradability, [21] bioactivity, [22] and osteoconductive properties.…”

Predicting the compressive strength of additively manufactured PLA‐based orthopedic bone screws: A machine learning framework

“…Additive manufacturing (AM) technology provides the ideal tailor-made solution for different orthopedic applications. [1] This technology offers various merits and functionalities such as precision, [2] ease of the process, [3] less material wastage, [4] personalization, [5] degree of freedom, [6] accuracy, [7] biocompatibility, [8] and customization [9] for the…”

“…Additive manufacturing (AM) technology provides the ideal tailor‐made solution for different orthopedic applications. [ 1 ] This technology offers various merits and functionalities such as precision, [ 2 ] ease of the process, [ 3 ] less material wastage, [ 4 ] personalization, [ 5 ] degree of freedom, [ 6 ] accuracy, [ 7 ] biocompatibility, [ 8 ] and customization [ 9 ] for the fabrication of complex structures used in biomedical applications. AM technique encompasses the fabrication of biodegradable cardiovascular stents, [ 10 ] patient‐specific prosthetics [ 11 ] and customized implants.…”

Fabrication of polycaprolactone/chitosan/hydroxyapatite structure to improve the mechanical behavior of the hydrogel‐based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Biscaffold approach

“…[7] The hydrogels usually have poor mechanical properties due to their porosity and noncompact structures, which cause a preposterous mismatch between natural bone tissue and the scaffolds. [8] The low stiffness and tensile strength of hydrogel materials made them very difficult to handle even in the in vitro tests and it is mandatory to enhance the mechanical behavior without reduction in the biological properties of hydrogels. Many efforts have been focused on improving mechanical properties while maintaining biocompatibility, but methods to improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels are still an attractive topic for tissue engineers.…”