Surface Characterization of Laser-Ablated Polymers Used for Microfluidics

Pugmire, David L; Waddell, Emanuel; Haasch, Richard T.; Tarlov, Michael J.; Locascio, Laurie E.

doi:10.1021/ac011026r

Cited by 98 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Due to its high mechanic and chemical stability, optical transparency, and excellent dielectric properties [22], PMMA has become one of the most popular substrates for ME systems. These properties have also allowed for the development of different fabrication methods including hot embossing [23], injection molding [24], and laser engraving [25,26]. The latter is one of the most widely-used, non-contact type machining process in industry and can be applied across a wide range of materials [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and versatile fabrication of PMMA microchip electrophoretic devices by laser engraving

Gabriel,

Coltro,

Garcia

2014

Electrophoresis

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This paper describes the effects of different modes and engraving parameters on the dimensions of microfluidic structures produced in PMMA using laser engraving. The engraving modes included raster and vector while the explored engraving parameters included power, speed, frequency, resolution, line-width and number of passes. Under the optimum conditions, the technique was applied to produce channels suitable for CE separations. Taking advantage of the possibility to cut-through the substrates, the laser was also used to define solution reservoirs (buffer, sample, and waste) and a PDMS-based decoupler. The final device was used to perform the analysis of a model mixture of phenolic compounds within 200 s with baseline resolution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and versatile fabrication of PMMA microchip electrophoretic devices by laser engraving

Gabriel,

Coltro,

Garcia

2014

Electrophoresis

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“…This approach was used to elegantly reduce band broadening around 907 turns by selectively modifying the surface charge of the outer-wall. The approach of laser modification of channel surfaces has also been applied to other polymeric substrates including polystyrene, cellulose acetate, PETG, poly(vinyl chloride), and polycarbonate [30,88].…”

Section: Pmma Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification in microchip electrophoresis

2003

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Different approaches and techniques for surface modification of microfluidic devices applied for microchip electrophoresis are reviewed. The main focus is on the improved electrophoretic separation by reducing analyte-wall interactions and manipulation of electroosmosis. Approaches and methods for permanent and dynamic surface modification of microfluidic devices, manufactured from glass, quartz and also different polymeric substrates, are described.

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“…The alternative approach is to use some of the more recently developed techniques for building fluidic systems from lowcost polymeric materials such as poly(dimethsiloxane) (PDMS) [22][23], poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) [24][25] and others (see Becker and Locascio [26] and deMello [27] for comprehensive reviews). In general the primary attractiveness of these materials is that they tend to involve simpler and significantly less expensive manufacturing techniques (e.g.…”

Section: Overview Of Micro-and Nano-fluidic Fabrication Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Sub-Wavelength Nanofluidics With Photonic Crystals

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT"Optofluidics" represents the marriage of optics, optoelectronics and nanophotonics with fluidics. Such integration represents a new approach for dynamic manipulation of optical properties at length scales both greater than and smaller than the wavelength of light with applications ranging from reconfigurable photonic circuits to fluidically adaptable optics to high sensitivity bio-detection currently under development. The capabilities in terms of fluidic control, mixing, miniaturization and optical property tuning afforded by micro-, nano-fluidics combined with soft lithography based fabrication provides an ideal platform upon which to build such devices. Here we present our technique for integrating soft lithography based nanofluidics with e-beam lithography defined silicon-on-insulator photonic crystals. We demonstrate nanofluidic addressability of single, sub-wavelength, defects within the planar photonic crystal and the dynamic tuning of the guided mode. In this paper we focus on the fabrication, integration and experimental details of this work. INTRODUCTIONPhotonic crystals [1] are attractive for controlling optical propagation by introducing pre-engineered defects into an otherwise regular lattice to create spectral filters, tight bend waveguides, resonant cavities [2] and highly efficient lasers [3]. At present techniques for local refractive index modulation in photonic structures is limited to the exploitation of relatively weak non-linear material properties [4,5], where ∆n/n (where n is the index of refraction) on the order of 10 -3 or lower, and thus requiring either long interaction lengths, high operational power, or the incorporation of resonant elements to enhance the effect. Techniques such as mechanical deformation [6], thermooptics [7], liquid crystal infusion [8], liquid-fluid infusion [9,11] and others [12,15] offer much higher effective ∆n/n. At present, however, these methods rely on globally modifying the refractive index of the entire device. Thus whereas local tunability over small interaction lengths requires the high ∆n/n afforded by these global approaches, the ability to perform such manipulations with the sub-micron scale precision required for advanced photonic devices remains elusive. The development of such a technique could enable the creation of a new class of ultra-compact adaptable photonic circuits.Nanofluidics provides a solution that enables both localized control and high refractive index modulation. By using modern nanofabrication techniques fluidic networks can be built which confine flows on scales much smaller than the wavelength of the transmitted light and enable the direct infusement and exchange of liquids with interesting optical properties (e.g. varying refractive index, gain and non-linearity) directly into the nanophotonic structure. As a first step in the development of two dimensional reconfigurable photonic circuits, here we demonstrate the nanofluidic addressing of a single defect row of holes within a two dimensional photonic crystal. We begin...

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Surface Characterization of Laser-Ablated Polymers Used for Microfluidics

Cited by 98 publications

References 37 publications

Fast and versatile fabrication of PMMA microchip electrophoretic devices by laser engraving

Fast and versatile fabrication of PMMA microchip electrophoretic devices by laser engraving

Surface modification in microchip electrophoresis

Integration of Sub-Wavelength Nanofluidics With Photonic Crystals

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