Surface modification in microchip electrophoresis

Belder, Detlev; Ludwig, Martin

doi:10.1002/elps.200305648

Cited by 212 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The various developed polymer surface modification techniques have been reported in several reviews (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The most common modification methods fall into three categories: gas-phase processing, wet chemical methods and a combination of both.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal hydrophilic coating of thermoplastic polymers currently used in microfluidics

Zilio

Solá

Damin

et al. 2013

Biomed Microdevices

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal hydrophilic coating of thermoplastic polymers currently used in microfluidics

Zilio

Solá

Damin

et al. 2013

Biomed Microdevices

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“…47 The surface potential of microchannels is important for electrokinetic phenomena and, therefore, controlled modification of the surface chemistry is very necessary. 5,48 Polyelectro-lyte adsorption from aqueous solution is an effective means to alter the surface potential of a channel. 49 Inorganic materials ͑metal oxides͒ are also good candidates for altering the surface potential as the point of zero charge differs depending on the oxide present.…”

Section: Microchannel Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface patterning of bonded microfluidic channels

Priest

2010

Biomicrofluidics

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Microfluidic channels in which multiple chemical and biological processes can be integrated into a single chip have provided a suitable platform for high throughput screening, chemical synthesis, detection, and alike. These microchips generally exhibit a homogeneous surface chemistry, which limits their functionality. Localized surface modification of microchannels can be challenging due to the nonplanar geometries involved. However, chip bonding remains the main hurdle, with many methods involving thermal or plasma treatment that, in most cases, neutralizes the desired chemical functionality. Postbonding modification of microchannels is subject to many limitations, some of which have been recently overcome. Novel techniques include solution-based modification using laminar or capillary flow, while conventional techniques such as photolithography remain popular. Nonetheless, new methods, including localized microplasma treatment, are emerging as effective postbonding alternatives. This Review focuses on postbonding methods for surface patterning of microchannels.

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“…This is a benefit almost exclusive to PMMA when compared to competing materials. PMMA is rated excellent for its biocompatibility, has therefore been used in many biomedical applications and microchip electrophoresis systems [19], and is a property advantageous for the current application as well. The comparatively high hydrophilicity of PMMA (contact angles with de-ionized water were reported to be between 71.7 ± 1.5 and 73.7 ± 1 for comparable PMMA grades by our group, [20] supports wetting properties in the micro fluidic domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PMMA Polymer Membrane-Based Single Cylindrical Submicron Pores: Electrical Characterization and Investigation of Their Applicability in Resistive-Pulse Biomolecule Detection

Achenbach¹,

Hashemi²,

Moazed³

et al. 2012

AJAC

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Single cylindrical submicron pores in PMMA polymer membranes are micropatterned by electron beam lithography and integrated into all PMMA-based electrophoretic flow detector systems. Pore dimensions are 450 nm in diameter and 1 μm in length. The pores are electrically characterized in aqueous KCl electrolyte, exhibiting a stable time-independent ionic current through the pore with a noise level of less than 1% of the open-pore current. The current-voltage curves are linear and scale with electrolyte concentration. The negative surface charge of the membrane over-proportionally decreases pore conductance at low electrolyte concentrations (≤0.1 M) that are still beyond those typically applied in biological experiments. Pores do not exhibit rectification of current flowing through them, allowing for operation with either polarity. To allow for detection of yet much smaller particles, the described PMMA-based system also was successfully equipped with pores of 1.5 nm instead of 450 nm in diameter. This was achieved by introducing naturally occurring biological protein pores of α-hemolysin on a lipid bi-layer into the pre-patterned PMMA membrane of an assembled PMMA-based electrophoretic flow detector system. Characteristics of translocation events of single-stranded linear plasmid DNA molecules through the pores were recorded, and ionic current deductions during biomolecule translocation were clear and distinguished. Based on the presented submicron scale open pore ionic current transport properties, as well as the observed passage of DNA molecules through protein pores inserted into PMMA membranes, our current research proposes that all PMMA electrophoretic flow detectors exhibit an excellent potential for future use as biomedical resistive-pulse sensors, as long as pore dimensions match those of biomolecules to be detected.

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Surface modification in microchip electrophoresis

Cited by 212 publications

References 89 publications

Universal hydrophilic coating of thermoplastic polymers currently used in microfluidics

Universal hydrophilic coating of thermoplastic polymers currently used in microfluidics

Surface patterning of bonded microfluidic channels

PMMA Polymer Membrane-Based Single Cylindrical Submicron Pores: Electrical Characterization and Investigation of Their Applicability in Resistive-Pulse Biomolecule Detection

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