Surface characterisation of boron nitride layers on multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Mohai, M.; Mohai, Ilona; Sebestyén, Zoltán; Gergely, András; Németh, Péter; Szépvölgyi, János

doi:10.1002/sia.3307

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The polymerization and coalescence of guest C 60 molecules into a CNT inside the host BNNT offer an exciting opportunity to form a conducting nanowire inside an insulating BNNT. Previous attempts to fabricate CNT@BNNT have been made by other routes, such as the coating of CNT with boron nitride . However, the formation of CNTs within preformed BNNTs would be more desirable because the structure of the outer insulating nanotube is well‐defined and easier to control with uniform coverage of BN.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes inside Boron Nitride Nanotubes by Coalescence of Fullerenes: Toward the World's Smallest Coaxial Cable

et al. 2017

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as excellent nanoscale containers for mole cules, [4][5][6] metals, [7][8][9] and metal halides, [10] where the spontaneous encapsulation is driven by van der Waals forces that stabilize the confined guest species in the internal channel of the host nanotube. [11] Moreover, a good geometric fit between the critical dimensions of the encapsulated guest and the internal dimensions of the host can result in van der Waals forces that are sufficiently high that insertion is irreversible. This effective nanoscale confinement permits the study of the structure, [12,13] motion, [14] and dynamics [15,16] of individual molecules.Furthermore, extreme spatial confinement in CNTs allows us to probe the kinetics and pathways of chemical reactions and processes at the nanoscale, including the formation of 1D materials templated by the internal channel of the host nanotube. [6,17,18] The simplest and most widely studied confined transformation in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is the conversion of C 60 @SWCNT, so-called "peapods," into double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) via the thermally activated polymerization and coalescence of guest fullerenes to an internal carbon nanotube. [17,19] Numerous more complex processes have also been observed inside nanotubes, such as unusual oligomerization and polymerization reactions, [13,20,21] the growth of graphene nanoribbons, [22][23][24] and the formation of molecular nanodiamonds [18] from encapsulated fullerenes and organic molecules, respectively. As such, chemical reactions inside carbon nanotubes open up new avenues for the synthesis of nanoscale materials with unique structures and functional properties inaccessible by other means.Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are isoelectronic to CNTs and similarly possess high mechanical strength [25] and excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. [26] In contrast to CNTs, however, BNNTs are electronically insulating, a consequence of the partly ionic interatomic BN bonding, and optically transparent with a wide bandgap. [27,28] While less well explored relative to CNTs, BNNTs represent a remarkable class of 1D nanoscale containers for metals, [29][30][31][32][33][34] metal halides, [35,36] and molecules, such as C 60 , [37] and owing to their transparency to visible light The use of boron nitride nanotubes as effective nanoscale containers for the confinement and thermal transformations of molecules of C 60 -fullerene is demonstrated. The gas-phase insertion of fullerenes into the internal channel of boron nitride nanotubes yields quasi-1D arrays, with packing arrangements of the guest fullerenes different from those in the bulk crystal and critically dependent on the internal diameter of the host nanotube. Interestingly, the confined fullerene molecules: i) exhibit dynamic behavior and temperaturedependent phase transitions analogous to that observed in the bulk crystal, and ii) can be effectively removed from within the internal channel of nanotubes by excessive sonication in organic solvent, indicating weak host-guest inter ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes inside Boron Nitride Nanotubes by Coalescence of Fullerenes: Toward the World's Smallest Coaxial Cable

et al. 2017

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“…The NC 3100 research‐grade series containing >95% carbon have average outer diameters of 9.5 nm, average lengths of 1.5 µm and may contain some pyrolytically deposited carbon on the surface, as specified by the manufacturer. The average inner diameter was 7 nm, as determined by transmission electron microscopy . Samples for nitriding treatments were prepared by dropwise deposition from thick sonicated toluene slurry onto a stainless steel holder (Ø 9 mm), that was also suitable for XPS measurements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average inner diameter was 7 nm, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. [10] Samples for nitriding treatments were prepared by dropwise deposition from thick sonicated toluene slurry onto a stainless steel holder ( 9 mm), that was also suitable for XPS measurements. Pieces of freshly cleaved highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) samples of similar size were used as reference materials.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the incorporation of carbon nanotubes in advanced structural ceramics, [9] appropriate coatings must be applied to provide protection during hightemperature sintering processes in oxidative environments. [10] Numerous attempts were made for surface modification of the tubes for different applications. [11] Hundreds of articles have been published in the last decade for covalent as well for the less energetic attachment of different atoms and molecules to the surface of the CNTs and a large variety of characterisation methods were applied to assess the chemistry of the modifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When using them as reinforcing components in polymeric matrices, their surface treatment for dispersion is a must. In the incorporation of carbon nanotubes in advanced structural ceramics, appropriate coatings must be applied to provide protection during high‐temperature sintering processes in oxidative environments …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calculation of layer thickness on nanotube surfaces from XPS intensity data

Mohai

Bertóti²

2012

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Surface modification of nanomaterials is the subject of numerous recent investigations. Quantitative characterisation of such modifications is of great theoretical and practical interest. As a first step, our attention is focussed on carbon nanotubes because of their unique morphology and physicochemical properties, having many potential advantages in nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of material science. Surface modification or coating of the nanotubes is essential in several applications, using them as drug carriers, reinforcing component in polymeric matrices or hi-tech structural ceramics to create reactive surface groups or protection for efficient processing. Applying the simple planar approach to cylindrical-shaped samples, as known, leading to overestimated layer thickness values because the effective thickness of the layers (seen from the direction of analyser) varies from point to point along the convex surface of the tubes of essentially cylindrical geometry. In case of nanotubes, and any type of nano-objects, however, a further significant difference is that they have no 'bulk-like' core material because they are usually thin enough to be transparent by the photoelectrons evolving in the XPS measurements. In a step forward for quantitative characterisation, in this article, a special model was developed to calculate the thickness of the modified layer on nanotubes, taking into account that several rows of the tubes are randomly piled on each other. The applicability of the model was tested for quantitative characterisation on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), which were treated in d.c.-biased RF N 2 plasma for covalent attachment of nitrogen to their outer shells. This model will be implemented, and thus the calculations would be conveniently performed in the latest versions (from 7.0) of the XPS MultiQuant program.

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Synthesis, structure and antioxidant performance of boron nitride (hexagonal) layers coating on carbon nanotubes (multi-walled)

Yang

et al. 2018

Applied Surface Science

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Surface characterisation of boron nitride layers on multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes inside Boron Nitride Nanotubes by Coalescence of Fullerenes: Toward the World's Smallest Coaxial Cable

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes inside Boron Nitride Nanotubes by Coalescence of Fullerenes: Toward the World's Smallest Coaxial Cable

Calculation of layer thickness on nanotube surfaces from XPS intensity data

Synthesis, structure and antioxidant performance of boron nitride (hexagonal) layers coating on carbon nanotubes (multi-walled)

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