Surface bioactivation through the nanostructured layer on titanium modified by facile HPT treatment

Abstract

Facile fabrication of nanostructured surface is of great importance for the use of titanium (Ti) implants in biomedical field. In this study, a low-cost and easy-to-operate method called HPT (hydrothermal & pressure) here has been developed and used to fabricate the expected nanostructured surface on Ti substrates. The effects of experimental parameters on the morphology of Ti surface were investigated and characterized. The results indicated that by altering the hydrothermal pressure, NaOH concentration and treating time, surface nanostructure like nanopetals or nanoflakes could be formed on the surface of Ti substrates. The orthogonal experiments were conducted to demonstrate the optimized operation conditions. A formation mechanism of the nanostructured titanate layer was proposed, revealing that the nanostructured layer could be formed via a special upward and downward co-growth manner. In vitro cell culture showed that the HPT treated Ti substrates, especially the T-10 sample, could greatly enhance the cell-material interactions, i.e. the cell proliferation and differentiation, focal protein adhesion, and osteogenic factor expression. The HPT method paves a new way to modify the surface of Ti implants with better bioactivity and promising prospect for future biomedical applications.

The Use of Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) for Assessing Materials Bioactivity in the Context of Tissue Engineering: Review and Challenges

“…It is noted that the structure of the resultant sodium hydrogen titanate can be changed by the conditions of the NaOH treatment. Guo et al reported the formation of H 2 Ti 2 O 5 •H 2 O and Na 2 Ti 2 O 5 •H 2 O on Ti when the metal was subjected to hydrothermal treatment using NaOH solution at 0.15 MPa and 120 °C [ 86 ]. Possible compositions such as Na 2 Ti 9 O 19 , Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 , Na 2 Ti 2 O 4 (OH) 2 , Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 •nH 2 O, H 2 TiO 3 O 7 , H 2 Ti 2 O 5 , H x Ti 2−x/4 □ x/4 O 4 (□ = vacancy) have been proposed [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ], while the mechanism of the precipitation of the sodium hydrogen titanate in NaOH solution is still under investigation.…”

Super tough graphene oxide reinforced polyetheretherketone for potential hard tissue repair applications

“…This, in addition to the increasing cases of sports injuries and road accidents, has led to greater demand for orthopedic implants, the market of which is expected to reach USD 47.7 billion by 2026 [2]. Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used for orthopedic implants because of their excellent long-term biocompatibility [3][4][5]. However, their excessive elastic modulus ( ＞ 100GPa) often results in stress shielding effect, which would lead to high incidence of aseptic loosening of the implants [3].…”

Exploring the mechanism behind improved osteointegration of phosphorylated titanium implants with hierarchically structured topography

“…Natural bone tissue has a micro/nano scaled hierarchical structure and its mineral phases are mainly composed of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) elements [16][17][18][19]. In the previous studies, micro/nano-scaled hierarchical coatings containing Ca and P have been proven to significantly improve cell viability, adhesion, and differentiation, which subsequently lead to enhanced osseointegration and improved stability of the implants [20][21][22][23][24][25]. More recently, our group reported that the implants with micro/nano-scaled hierarchical hybrid morphology containing Ti phosphates and Ti oxides demonstrated a remarkable performance both in vitro and in vivo compared to untreated commercially pure titanium [26].…”