Surface attachment of nitrifying bacteria and their inhibition by potassium ethyl xanthate

Underhill, S E; Prosser, James I.

doi:10.1007/bf02013018

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is the fate of this NO 2 ( pool that determines the NO flux. Underhill & Prosser (1987) showed that Nitrosomonas, which oxidise NH 3 to NO 2 ( , and Nitrobacter, Multiple regression non-significant B0.01 Non-significant 7.6…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of soil pH on NO_xand N₂O emissions from bovine urine applied to soil columns

Khan

Clough

Goh

et al. 2011

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The nitrous oxide (N 2 O) molecule is both a greenhouse gas and a precursor to the formation of nitric oxide (NO) in the stratosphere, which is subsequently involved in catalytic destruction of ozone (O 3 ). Tropospheric NO can form NO 2 with both gases (NO x ) able to react with volatile organic compounds to produce the detrimental O 3 molecule. Information on how NO and N 2 O emissions respond to agricultural management is lacking. Limited data suggest N 2 O emissions following bovine urine deposition may vary with soil pH. This work hypothesised that soil liming would also reduce NO x emissions due to enhanced nitrification and reduced opportunity for HNO 2 formation as soil pH increased. Bovine urine was applied (575 kg N/ha) to repacked soil cores (34% water-filled pore space) that ranged in pH from 4.4 to 7.6, and these were maintained at 218C. With the exception of the pH 4.4 treatment, increases in NOÁN fluxes occurred during the first 11 days, when nitrification was proceeding. Increasing the initial soil pH enhanced the net ammonium depletion rate. The loss of NOÁN, expressed as a percentage of the net ammonium depletion rate, decreased with increasing initial pH during this first 11 days with NOÁN fluxes reduced due to competition between abiotic and biological demands for NO 2 ( . After 21 days, the optimal pH for the net NOÁN flux was observed to be 5.7 to 6.0. However, cumulative NOÁN fluxes after 35 days showed little variation due to initial soil pH and ranged from 0.02 to 0.05% of urineÁN applied. The cumulative N 2 OÁN flux ranged from 0.04 to 0.09% of urineÁN applied with a linear increase from pH 5.7 to pH 7.6. Based on these results, where soils are relatively dry, liming acid soils from pH 5.5 to pH 6.5 will not affect cumulative NO fluxes from urine patches. However, cumulative N 2 O fluxes may be enhanced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of soil pH on NO_xand N₂O emissions from bovine urine applied to soil columns

Khan

Clough

Goh

et al. 2011

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…Sullivan & Palmisano (1984) concluded that ca 30 % of the ice bacteria in McMurdo Sound were attached to living algae or associated detritus. Although these authors did not identify the attached organisms or measure their activity, laboratory studies have shown that nitrifying bacteria (both NH: oxidizers and NO; oxidizers) grow better when attached to surfaces (Underhill & Prosser 1987, Diab & Shilo 1988, Keen & Prosser 1988. Diab & Shilo found that the nitrifylng bacterial genera Nitrosornonas and Nitrobacter rapidly attached to a number of different surfaces which resulted in enhanced activity of attached bacteria relative to freely suspended cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of ammonium oxidizer activity and nitrous oxide (N20) within and beneath Antarctic sea ice

Priscu¹,

Downes²,

Priscu³

et al. 1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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M3STRACT Nitrapynn, an lnh~bitor of NH; oxldlz~ng bactena was used to estlmate the a c t~v~t y of NH: oxldlzing bacteria in the bottom 1 to 15 cm of annual sea Ice and in the water column at vanous locations In McMurdo Sound and along the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) N~t r a p y r~n s~gn~flcantly ~n h~b i t e d dark ' 4 C -H C 0 3 uptake in virtually all sea-ice samples, indlcahng the presence of NH: oxld~zlng bacteria Inorganic carbon futahon by sea ice NH: o x~d~z e r s was only a small fract~on of that futed by sea-lce photoautotrophs, both on an hourly and annual b a s~s Despite their relative lack of ~mportance to lnorganlc carbon fixation NH: oxidizing bactena may have an important role in the N d y n a m~c s w~t h l n the b~o g e n i c layer of annual sea Ice both In terms of N H~ utlllzatlon and eventual NO; product~on Inorgamc carbon futatlon in the water column beneath sea ice was generally not i n h~b~t e d s~gnif~cantly by nitrapynn NH: oxldizer actlvlty was also not detectable in deep water flow~ng beneath (southward) or from under (northward) the RIS N 2 0 (a by-product of NH: oxidation) levels in p e l a g~c samples were always near 100 % of saturation w t h respect to the alr above the sea surface corroborating the low levels of NH:ox~dizer activity found In the water column

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“…The first reported observation of this effect was made in 1943, where it was found that bacterial activity increased in the presence of glass surfaces, particularly with low nutrient concentrations (54). Since this first study, researchers have examined how various materials, including glass and polymer surfaces (10, 11, 24-26, 40, 44, 47), silicone surfaces (52), ceramic surfaces (32), dialysis membranes (18), activated carbon (7), clays (43), sands (31,48), estuary particles (19), and ion exchange resins (46), affect the metabolic activity of attached bacteria.…”

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confidence: 99%

Variation in Bacterial ATP Level and Proton Motive Force Due to Adhesion to a Solid Surface

Hong

Brown

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Bacterial adhesion to natural and man-made surfaces can be beneficial or detrimental, depending on the system at hand. Of vital importance is how the process of adhesion affects the bacterial metabolic activity. If activity is enhanced, this may help the cells colonize the surface, whereas if activity is reduced, it may inhibit colonization. Here, we report a study demonstrating that adhesion of both Escherichia coli and Bacillus brevis onto a glass surface resulted in enhanced metabolic activity, assessed through ATP measurements. Specifically, ATP levels were found to increase two to five times upon adhesion compared to ATP levels in corresponding planktonic cells. To explain this effect on ATP levels, we propose the hypothesis that bacteria can take advantage of a link between cellular bioenergetics (proton motive force and ATP formation) and the physiochemical charge regulation effect, which occurs as a surface containing ionizable functional groups (e.g., the bacterial cell surface) approaches another surface. As the bacterium approaches the surface, the charge regulation effect causes the charge and pH at the cell surface to vary as a function of separation distance. With negatively charged surfaces, this results in a decrease in pH at the cell surface, which enhances the proton motive force and ATP concentration. Calculations demonstrated that a change in pH across the cell membrane of only 0.2 to 0.5 units is sufficient to achieve the observed ATP increases. Similarly, the hypothesis indicates that positively charged surfaces will decrease metabolic activity, and results from studies of positively charged surfaces support this finding.Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation are important to a wide array of fields, such as environmental, chemical, and biomedical engineering; food processing; materials science; marine science; and ecology and environmental sciences. A key consideration in the development of a biofilm is the initial interaction between the bacterium and the substrata and the way in which these interactions affect the metabolic activity of the cells. If the metabolic activity increases, this would help the cells colonize the surface, whereas if the metabolic activity decreases, then the cells may become inactive or die.There have been a number of studies that have examined the effects of attachment on bacterial metabolic activity. The first reported observation of this effect was made in 1943, where it was found that bacterial activity increased in the presence of glass surfaces, particularly with low nutrient concentrations (54). Since this first study, researchers have examined how various materials, including glass and polymer surfaces (10, 11, 24-26, 40, 44, 47), silicone surfaces (52), ceramic surfaces (32), dialysis membranes (18), activated carbon (7), clays (43), sands (31, 48), estuary particles (19), and ion exchange resins (46), affect the metabolic activity of attached bacteria.Different mechanisms have been examined in an attempt to explain how surfaces affect bacterial metabo...

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Surface attachment of nitrifying bacteria and their inhibition by potassium ethyl xanthate

Cited by 41 publications

References 16 publications

Influence of soil pH on NO_xand N₂O emissions from bovine urine applied to soil columns

Influence of soil pH on NO_xand N₂O emissions from bovine urine applied to soil columns

Dynamics of ammonium oxidizer activity and nitrous oxide (N20) within and beneath Antarctic sea ice

Variation in Bacterial ATP Level and Proton Motive Force Due to Adhesion to a Solid Surface

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Surface attachment of nitrifying bacteria and their inhibition by potassium ethyl xanthate

Cited by 41 publications

References 16 publications

Influence of soil pH on NOxand N2O emissions from bovine urine applied to soil columns

Influence of soil pH on NOxand N2O emissions from bovine urine applied to soil columns

Dynamics of ammonium oxidizer activity and nitrous oxide (N20) within and beneath Antarctic sea ice

Variation in Bacterial ATP Level and Proton Motive Force Due to Adhesion to a Solid Surface

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Product

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Influence of soil pH on NO_xand N₂O emissions from bovine urine applied to soil columns

Influence of soil pH on NO_xand N₂O emissions from bovine urine applied to soil columns