Surface area is the biologically most effective dose metric for acute nanoparticle toxicity in the lung

Schmid, Otmar; Stoeger, Tobias

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.12.006

Cited by 306 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The deposition efficiency of inhaled particles in various parts of the lung varies significantly depending on particle size and shape. The particle size distribution data are important for improving our understanding of the mechanisms by which particles affect human health (Schmid and Stoeger, 2016). Nevertheless, other characteristics such as content of organics and metals, or speciation most likely also contribute to particle toxicity (Dreher, 2000; Gupta and Gupta,2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic and genotoxic responses of human lung cells to combustion smoke particles of Miscanthus straw, softwood and beech wood chips

Arif

Maschowski

Garra

et al. 2017

Atmospheric Environment

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Inhalation of particulate matter (PM) from residential biomass combustion is epidemiologically associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. This study investigates PM0.4–1 emissions from combustion of commercial Miscanthus straw (MS), softwood chips (SWC) and beech wood chips (BWC) in a domestic-scale boiler (40 kW). The PM0.4–1 emitted during combustion of the MS, SWC and BWC were characterized by ICP-MS/OES, XRD, SEM, TEM, and DLS. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human alveolar epithelial A549 and human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were assessed by the WST-1 assay and the DNA-Alkaline Unwinding Assay (DAUA). PM0.4–1 uptake/translocation in cells was investigated with a new method developed using a confocal reflection microscope. SWC and BWC had a inherently higher residual water content than MS. The PM0.4–1 emitted during combustion of SWC and BWC exhibited higher levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), a greater variety of mineral species and a higher heavy metal content than PM0.4–1 from MS combustion. Exposure to PM0.4–1 from combustion of SWC and BWC induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human alveolar and bronchial cells, whereby the strongest effect was observed for BWC and was comparable to that caused by diesel PM (SRM 2 975), In contrast, PM0.4–1 from MS combustion did not induce cellular responses in the studied lung cells. A high PAH content in PM emissions seems to be a reliable chemical marker of both combustion efficiency and particle toxicity. Residual biomass water content strongly affects particulate emissions and their toxic potential. Therefore, to minimize the harmful effects of fine PM on health, improvement of combustion efficiency (aiming to reduce the presence of incomplete combustion products bound to PM) and application of fly ash capture technology, as well as use of novel biomass fuels like Miscanthus straw is recommended.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic and genotoxic responses of human lung cells to combustion smoke particles of Miscanthus straw, softwood and beech wood chips

Arif

Maschowski

Garra

et al. 2017

Atmospheric Environment

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“…The NOEL 1/100 was based on the relationship between polymorphonuclear neutrophilia (PMN) influx in the lungs of rats and mice after a single intratracheal instillation of GBPs and the particles dry powder Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area dose normalized with lung weight (cm 2 g −1 ; Schmid and Stoeger, 2016). The deposited alveolar surface area dose can be calculated by multiplying the LDSA concentration with the inhaled volume.…”

Section: Alveolar Lung Deposited Surface Area (Ldsa) and Pulmonary Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure during handling and loading of halloysite nanotubes – A case study of counting nanofibers

et al. 2018

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A B S T R A C THalloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are abundant naturally-occurring hollow aluminosilicate clay mineral fibers with a typical diameter < 100 nm and an aspect ratio of up to 200. Here we assessed the potential inhalation exposure to HNTs in an industrial research laboratory. Inside a fume hood, ten times 100 g of HNTs were poured at rate of 0.5 kg min . Inside the fume hood, the respirable mass concentration was 143 μg m −3 including background particles.Outside the fume hood we did not measure elevated concentrations. We classified 1895 particles according to their length and aspect ratio. Five particles were in aspect ratio > 3 and in length > 2 μm. These particles were agglomerated and/or aggregated particles where the longest individual fiber was 2 μm in length. The occupational exposure limits for refractory mineral fibers vary from 0.1 to 2 fibers cm −3. Following standard protocols for fiber analysis, detection of 0.1 fibers cm −3 would require analysis on 4 × 10 4 images when the filter loading is good. Thus, the fiber sampling and quantification procedures needs to be improved significantly if nanofibers < 100 nm in diameter are included in regulatory exposure assessment. Due to very limited toxicological information of HNTs we recommend avoiding inhalation exposure.

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“…The TDF was determined by particle number (TDF N ) and by particle mass (TDF M ). Another relevant dose metric is particle surface area (Schmid and Stoeger, 2016). The TDF of the particle surface area should lie between TDF N and TDF M , and with a similar individual variation.…”

Section: Applied To Model Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Set-up for Respiratory Tract Deposition Efficiency Measurements (15-5000 nm) and First Results for a Group of Children and Adults

Rissler

Nicklasson

Gudmundsson³

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Exposure to airborne particulate matter is associated with a number of negative health effects ranging from respiratory diseases to systemic effects and cancer. One important factor for understanding the health effects is the individual variation in the respiratory tract deposition of inhaled particles. In this study, we describe an experimental set-up for size-resolved measurements of the lung deposited fraction of airborne particles, covering the diameter range from 15 to 5000 nm. The set-up includes a system for generating a stable aerosol with a sufficiently broad size distribution. We used a scanning mobility particle sizer and an aerodynamic particle sizer to determine particle number and size. The set-up was used to investigate individual differences in the deposition fraction (DF) of particles in the respiratory tract for a group of 67 subjects of both sexes aged 7-70 years. The measured DF was applied to two model aerosols, one representing an urban environment and one a rural environment, and the particle deposition rates were derived (i.e., the deposited amount of particles per unit time). Furthermore, the deposition rates were normalized to lung surface area and body mass -two dose measures that are considered relevant for the health effects of airborne particles. In addition to validation of the set-up, we show that there is a large individual variation in DF, with some subjects having a DF that is more than twice as high as that of others. Although we observe differences in the DF between different subgroups, most individual variation was explained neither by age nor by gender. When normalizing the deposition rates to lung surface area or body mass, the deposition rates of children become significantly higher than those of adults. Furthermore, the individual variability is larger for the lung surface area or body mass normalized deposition rates than for DF.

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Surface area is the biologically most effective dose metric for acute nanoparticle toxicity in the lung

Cited by 306 publications

References 43 publications

Cytotoxic and genotoxic responses of human lung cells to combustion smoke particles of Miscanthus straw, softwood and beech wood chips

Cytotoxic and genotoxic responses of human lung cells to combustion smoke particles of Miscanthus straw, softwood and beech wood chips

Occupational exposure during handling and loading of halloysite nanotubes – A case study of counting nanofibers

A Set-up for Respiratory Tract Deposition Efficiency Measurements (15-5000 nm) and First Results for a Group of Children and Adults

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