Surface and satellite observations of air pollution in India during COVID-19 lockdown: Implication to air quality

Sathe, Yogesh; Gupta, Pawan; Bawase, Moqtik; Lamsal, L. N.; Patadia, Falguni; Thipse, S. S.

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102688

Cited by 81 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Several choices have been carried out for comparing the 2020 dataset with baseline conditions based on multi-year averaged data. Dantas et al (2020), Tobías et al (2020), and Navinya et al (2020) suggested the comparison with the same values obtained in 2019; Li et al (2020) , and Sathe et al (2021) with averaged values over the 3 previous years 2017-2019; and Kanniah et al (2020) with 5-years period 2015-2019. Ambient pollutants concentrations are strongly influenced by meteorological conditions and emission sources, exhibiting thus pronounced seasonal patterns.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…They noted that the reduction of anthropogenic activities (namely tanneries, chemical, and cast-iron industries), of traffic, as one of the biggest concerns in Kolkata, and a complete ban on construction activities have accelerated the reduction of air pollution. Recent studies also reported that NO2 ( Sathe et al, 2021 ) and PM2.5 ( Kumar et al,2020 ) reductions in Indian cities are comparable to the reductions observed in Asian and European cities. Paradoxically, while Biswal et al (2020) and Vadrevu et al (2020) argued that the highest reduction of tropospheric NO2 in New Delhi may be due to a reduction in vehicular emissions, which is the major pollutant source in the region, they estimated that in some Indian regions, there was an increase in NO2 concentrations observed during the lockdown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Air quality during three covid-19 lockdown phases: AQI, PM2.5 and NO2 assessment in cities with more than 1 million inhabitants

Benchrif

Wheida

Tahri

et al. 2021

Sustainable Cities and Society

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Implemented quarantine due to the ongoing novel coronavirus (agent of COVID-19) has an immense impact on human mobility and economic activities as well as on air quality. Since then, and due to the drastic reduction in pollution levels in cities across the world, a large discussion has been magnetized regarding if the lockdown is an adequate alternative counter-measure for enhancing air quality. This paper aimed at studying the Air Quality Index (AQI), PM2.5, and tropospheric NO2 levels in three lockdown phases (before, during, and after) among 21 cities around the world. Simple before/after comparison approach was carried out to capture the declining trend in air pollution levels caused by the lockdown restrictions. The results showed that the frequency distribution for NO2 is more variable than that for PM2.5, and the distribution is flatter from 2020 to the baseline 2018-2019 period. Besides, AQI, in most of the cities, has varied from high to mild pollution during the lockdown and was moderate before. Although during the lockdown, a reduction of 3 to 58% of daily NO2 concentrations was observed across the cities, an increase was detected in three cities including Abidjan (1%), Conakry (3%), and Chengdu (10%). Despite this mixed trend, the NO2 time series clearly showed the effect of the unlocking phase where the NO2 levels increased in almost all cities. Similarly, PM2.5 concentrations have increased in the post-lockdown period, with 50% of the cities reporting significant positive differences between the lock and the unlock phase. Then, the levels of PM2.5 were higher at the pre-lockdown phase than at any other time exhibiting a “U” shape. In addition, during Ramadan, it was noted that altered patterns of daily activities in some Islamic cities have a significant negative impact on air quality.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Air quality during three covid-19 lockdown phases: AQI, PM2.5 and NO2 assessment in cities with more than 1 million inhabitants

Benchrif

Wheida

Tahri

et al. 2021

Sustainable Cities and Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most of the region comes near to the satisfactory level of AQI as per the Government norms during the lockdown. Improvement in AQI and ER% was observed in all the districts due to reduced industrial operations, agriculture practices like residue burning, and transport activities as a result of COVID-19 driven lockdown enforcement [1,5,6,9,10,14,17]. This analysis showed the industrial pollution was prevailing during the lockdown and highlighted the places of industrial operations even in lockdown enforcement conditions.…”

Section: Impact Of Covid-19 On Aqi and Er%mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Satellite-based air quality assessments in terms of pollutant concentrations, AQI, and ER%, were done using satellite measurements in COVID-19 (April 2020) and NON-COVID (April 2019) scenarios over Haryana, situated in the Northern part of India. The selection of period was done, with the assumption, that the COVID-19 driven lockdown would have resulted in the reduction of pollutant level in the study area as reported for other parts of the world [9,14,15,18,19,25,26]. Validation showed a high correlation between satellites measured concentration of air pollutants with that of ground-based pollutants (r 2 = [ 0.5, p = 0.00).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State of air pollutants and related health risk over Haryana India as viewed from satellite platform in COVID-19 lockdown scenario

2021

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COVID-19 driven lockdown has affected air quality worldwide. Changes in air pollutants concentration, Air Quality Index (AQI), and associated Excess Health Risk (ER%) were assessed using satellite data of before (2019), and during (2020) COVID-19 periods in the industrially, agriculturally developed and highly populated area of Haryana in the northern region of Indo-Gangetic Plains. Parameters such as Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Particulate matters (PM), Sulphur Di-Oxide (SO 2 ), Nitrogen Di-Oxide (NO 2 ), Carbon Mono-oxide (CO), and Methane (CH 4 ) were derived using satellite data and validated using ground-based observations (n = 23). The coefficient of correlation (r) 0.91, 0.90, 0.95, 0.73, 0.81 and 0.80 were established with AOD, PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 and CO, respectively. Significant reduction (p \ 0.005) in the concentration of air pollutants, viz. 38% in AOD, 55% in PM 2.5 , 61% in PM 10 , 31% in SO 2 , 10% in NO 2 , 5% in CO and 1% in CH 4 were observed during lockdown. Significant (p \ 0.00) improvement in air quality was observed due to a 44% reduction in pollution level, which led to the reduction in ER% by 71%, which is quite significant. AQI and ER% from satellite and ground showed a high r 2 i.e. 0.88 and 0.99 respectively, suggesting the potential application of satellite data for periodic AQI and ER% assessment.

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Shaping the future of science: COVID-19 highlighting the importance of GeoHealth

Gorris

Anenberg

Goldberg

et al. 2021

Preprint

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From the heated debates over the airborne transmission of the novel coronavirus to the abrupt Earth system changes caused by the sudden lockdowns, the dire circumstances resulting from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought the field of GeoHealth to the forefront of visibility in science and policy. The pandemic has inadvertently provided an opportunity to study how human response has impacted the Earth system, how the Earth system may impact the pandemic, and the capacity of GeoHealth to inform real-time policy. The lessons learned throughout our responses to the COVID-19 pandemic are shaping the future of GeoHealth.

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Surface and satellite observations of air pollution in India during COVID-19 lockdown: Implication to air quality

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 81 publications

References 46 publications

Air quality during three covid-19 lockdown phases: AQI, PM2.5 and NO2 assessment in cities with more than 1 million inhabitants

Air quality during three covid-19 lockdown phases: AQI, PM2.5 and NO2 assessment in cities with more than 1 million inhabitants

State of air pollutants and related health risk over Haryana India as viewed from satellite platform in COVID-19 lockdown scenario

Shaping the future of science: COVID-19 highlighting the importance of GeoHealth

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