The first study on application of Design of Experiments (DoE) in optimizing drug formulation appeared in 1967. Since then the number of literature reports on the use of DoE optimization in development of drug delivery technologies has been piling up steadily. Such systematic techniques find their use in every type of conventional dosage form and modern drug delivery system. The drug delivery devices investigated for optimization using response surface methodology include controlled release compressed matrices, microparticulates, macroparticulates, vesicular systems, floating systems, bioadhesive systems, semisolids, transdermals, and inhalations. The optimized processes mainly include extrusion-spheronization, pelletization, microencapsulation, coating, granulation, and tableting. Part I of this article [Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2005; 22(1):27-106] dealt with the salient steps involved in the DoE optimization methodology using diverse experimental designs. Part II deals with various retrospective literature findings as well as the prospective application of such DoE procedures while optimizing varied drug delivery technologies. A vast account of various DoE reports on optimization of diverse drug delivery system and processes along with the critical graphical analysis of various designs, input, and response variables have been presented here in a categorical form. Such an explicit and updated review on drug delivery optimization has not been published anywhere else in the recent past.

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COVID-19 driven lockdown has affected air quality worldwide. Changes in air pollutants concentration, Air Quality Index (AQI), and associated Excess Health Risk (ER%) were assessed using satellite data of before (2019), and during (2020) COVID-19 periods in the industrially, agriculturally developed and highly populated area of Haryana in the northern region of Indo-Gangetic Plains. Parameters such as Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Particulate matters (PM), Sulphur Di-Oxide (SO 2 ), Nitrogen Di-Oxide (NO 2 ), Carbon Mono-oxide (CO), and Methane (CH 4 ) were derived using satellite data and validated using ground-based observations (n = 23). The coefficient of correlation (r) 0.91, 0.90, 0.95, 0.73, 0.81 and 0.80 were established with AOD, PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 and CO, respectively. Significant reduction (p \ 0.005) in the concentration of air pollutants, viz. 38% in AOD, 55% in PM 2.5 , 61% in PM 10 , 31% in SO 2 , 10% in NO 2 , 5% in CO and 1% in CH 4 were observed during lockdown. Significant (p \ 0.00) improvement in air quality was observed due to a 44% reduction in pollution level, which led to the reduction in ER% by 71%, which is quite significant. AQI and ER% from satellite and ground showed a high r 2 i.e. 0.88 and 0.99 respectively, suggesting the potential application of satellite data for periodic AQI and ER% assessment.

The paper describes the noise monitoring data acquired from the pilot project on the establishment of National Ambient Noise Monitoring Network (NANMN) across seven major cities in India for continuous noise monitoring throughout the year. The annual average Lday (06-22 h) and Lnight (22-06 h) values observed in year 2011-2014 for the 35 locations under study in which 14 locations are in commercial zone,5 in Industrial, 7 in residential and 9 in silence zones are described. The long-term noise monitoring shows that ambient noise levels have marginally increased for 29 sites (82.9%) since past four years. The present study is focused on evaluation and analysis of environmental noise pollution at 35 noise monitoring sites in seven major cities of India and shall be instrumental in planning for the noise abatement measures for controlling the noise pollution in these sites.

India is facing now-a-days is achieving inclusive growth and proper strategy to revive Indian agriculture. The farm population has been waiting patiently year after year for a 'new deal' for agriculture. Doubling agricultural growth is the immediate challenge. However, the package of the recent strategy and efforts seems to be incremental, rather than a holistic for reviving agriculture. Present study was conducted in Gurgaon division of Haryana state and two districts from Gurgaon division i.e. Rewari and Mahendragarh were selected randomly. From selected two blocks Jatusana and Kanina, four villages (two from each block) Dahina and Maseet from Jatusana and Kakrala and Rambas from Kanina were selected randomly. From the selected villages a sample of 75 small and marginal farm families from was drawn randomly to make the total sample size of 300 farm families. The results depicted that in Mahendergarh district main opportunity available to the farm families 'Related to household' was in the form of livestock husbandry, educated family members and skill enhancement with highest average weighted mean score 1.79, rank I followed by 'Provided by the government' (Rank II, WMS 1.71), respectively.