Surface and bulk 3D analysis of natural and processed ruby using electron probe micro analyzer and X-ray micro CT scan

Sahoo, Rakesh K.; Singh, Saroj Kumar; Mishra, B.K.

doi:10.1016/j.elspec.2016.06.004

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Micro-CT is a non-destructive three-dimensional visualization and characterization method that allows the user to study the external and internal structure of an object with high spatial resolution. It is a fast advancing technology of proven significance in gemological research as evidenced by studies of natural pearls [16][17][18][19] and rubies [20][21][22]. Materials or phases with different x-ray densities are depicted in different shades of grey.…”

Section: X-ray Micro Computed Tomography (µCt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Coloured Gemstones by X-ray Micro Computed Tomography

et al. 2021

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The monetary value of gemstones is based on five variables: rarity, cut, weight, color and clarity. The latter refers to internal impurities and defects. Fashion may also dictate demand and price. To enhance some of these features and value, gemstones are treated. Disclosure or nondisclosure thereof has been controversial and affected consumer confidence. Most of these treatments are difficult to detect with the naked eye and accurately quantify with traditional optical and analytical methods. X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT or μCT) is proposed as a relatively low cost, physically non-destructive and complementary method to detect and quantify clarity enhancement and also to provide a unique 3D fingerprint of each gemstone. A collection of 14 cut colored gemstones was selected. Micro-CT scans allowed fracture detection, their distribution and calculation of filler volume as well as 3D mapping of inclusions, surface and internal imperfections and artificially induced modifications. As a result the method allows the construction of a digital twin. X-ray exposure could however induce unwanted color changes. This effect was minimized or eliminated by optimizing dosage and exposure time.

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Section: X-ray Micro Computed Tomography (µCt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Coloured Gemstones by X-ray Micro Computed Tomography

et al. 2021

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“…Inclusions in a ruby is proportional to its clarity. Natural components present in rubies are called inclusions, and they are linked to geological phenomena including fissures, fractures, and voids [6]. Clarity is influenced by transparency, which is determined by opacity and is an indication of the ruby's capacity to transmit light [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruby Stone Light Grade Inspection System Using CCD Linear Sensor – A Review

Rahalim

Jamaludin

Raisin

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Several gemmology technologies, including loupes, microscopes, and dichroscopes, are currently utilised to assist gemstone traders in evaluating rubies. These tools, on the other hand, rely heavily on human vision for pictorial assessment. There are no standardized tools for determining ruby stone grading, other from those that rely on human vision, which can lead to errors. Gemmologists, stakeholders in the precious stone and manufacturing industries, as well as dental applications, would benefit from a standardized quantitative grading valuation of ruby stones. Extensive research is required to analyse the light characteristics of rubies. This paper presents a potential research overview of the Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) linear sensor to inspect the grading value of ruby stone based on its light characteristic. This research delves deeper into the relevant light properties of rubies for grading purposes. Numerous types of gemmological instruments are used for grading and appraising rubies, as well as their applications, are discussed in this paper. A standardized approach for quantitative grading valuation of ruby stones utilising a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) linear sensor is offered due to the limits of current techniques and the strong demand for superior quality in the high-valued stone sectors.

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“…Electron microscopy can resolve high resolution structural details down to the atomic scale, but is not practical for examining a large scale portion of a sample, and cannot probe deep beneath a sample surface [13]. X-ray micro-CT can resolve structural details in 3D, but has a long acquisition time and requires expensive equipment [14]. Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) can perform an elemental analysis of a gemstone, but cannot provide any structural information [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D imaging of gems and minerals by multiphoton microscopy

Cromey¹,

Knox²,

Kieu³

2019

Opt. Mater. Express

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Many optical approaches have been used to examine the composition and structure of gemstones, both recently and throughout history. The nonlinear optical behavior of different gemstones has not been investigated, and the higher order terms to the refractive index represent an unused tool for qualifying and examining a stone. We have used a multiphoton microscope to examine the nonlinear optical properties of 36 different gemstones and demonstrate that it is a useful tool for imaging them three-dimensionally up to the millimeter scale below the sample surface. The polarization dependence of second harmonic generation signals was used to examine the crystal orientations inside the minerals.

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Surface and bulk 3D analysis of natural and processed ruby using electron probe micro analyzer and X-ray micro CT scan

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Characterization of Coloured Gemstones by X-ray Micro Computed Tomography

Characterization of Coloured Gemstones by X-ray Micro Computed Tomography

Ruby Stone Light Grade Inspection System Using CCD Linear Sensor – A Review

3D imaging of gems and minerals by multiphoton microscopy

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