Surface analysis of CVD diamond exposed to fusion plasma

Porro, Samuele; Temmerman, G. De; MacLaren, Donald A.; Lisgo, S.; Rudakov, D. L.; Westerhout, J.; Wiora, Matthias; Villalpando, Isaela; Wilson, J. I. B.

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2010.01.051

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The pronounced dip in intensity 302.5 eV is caused by a bandgap in the unoccupied density of states (and is therefore a good indication of insulating or semiconducting character) 38 whilst a subsequent peak at 327 eV is caused by multiple scattering events and is a good indication of crystallographic order 39 . Similar to previous studies 40 , area 1 exhibits an additional weak 'pre-edge' peak at 285.5 eV that is attributed to excitation to a π * state and is therefore indicative of the formation of unsaturated, sp 2 bonded carbon. The spectrum from area 1, however, retains the other distinctive diamond features (notably the dip and peak at 302.5 eV and 327 eV, respectively) and lacks either the broad, featureless profile above 289 eV that is typically seen in amorphous or defective carbon, or the sharp exciton and σ * features that are shifted above 291 eV for graphite 31 .…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

High resolution structural characterisation of laser-induced defect clusters inside diamond

Salter

Booth

Courvoisier

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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Laser writing with ultrashort pulses provides a potential route for the manufacture of three-dimensional wires, waveguides, and defects within diamond. We present a transmission electron microscopy study of the intrinsic structure of the laser modifications and reveal a complex distribution of defects. Electron energy loss spectroscopy indicates that the majority of the irradiated region remains as sp3 bonded diamond. Electrically conductive paths are attributed to the formation of multiple nano-scale, sp2-bonded graphitic wires and a network of strain-relieving micro-cracks.

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confidence: 84%

High resolution structural characterisation of laser-induced defect clusters inside diamond

Salter

Booth

Courvoisier

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Further details of the HF-CVD system can be found in a previously published paper. 19 ZnO films of $6 lm thickness were sputter-deposited at room temperature and at a rate of $50 nmÁmin À1 on the diamond film surface using a novel process known as high target utilization sputtering (HiTUS). 20 HiTUS sputtering is based on a remotely generated high density plasma ($10 12 -10 13 ionsÁcm À3 , compared to a conventional magnetron plasma, $10 10 ion-sÁcm À3 ), which is produced in a side chamber linked by an arm to the main vacuum deposition chamber.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidics based on ZnO/nanocrystalline diamond surface acoustic wave devices

Garcia‐Gancedo

Pang

et al. 2012

Biomicrofluidics

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Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices with 64 μm wavelength were fabricated on a zinc oxide (ZnO) film deposited on top of an ultra-smooth nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) layer. The smooth surface of the UNCD film allowed the growth of the ZnO film with excellent c-axis orientation and low surface roughness, suitable for SAW fabrication, and could restrain the wave from significantly dissipating into the substrate. The frequency response of the fabricated devices was characterized and a Rayleigh mode was observed at ∼65.4 MHz. This mode was utilised to demonstrate that the ZnO/UNCD SAW device can be successfully used for microfluidic applications. Streaming, pumping, and jetting using microdroplets of 0.5 and 20 μl were achieved and characterized under different powers applied to the SAW device, focusing more on the jetting behaviors induced by the ZnO SAW.

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“…After exposure to 10 23 deuterons per m 2 in MAGPIE a lot of 10 nm-100 nm sized hemispherical and conical features appeared on the CVD surface, which was explained by re-deposition of the eroded carbon [5[6]. Surface analysis of CVD diamond films exposed in tokamak DIII-D showed that the bulk micro-crystalline nature of the sample is unaltered while a continuous 10-15 nm thick interfacial layer was formed at the surface; a structural composition of 24% diamond and 76% amorphous carbon in the layer was measured [4]. Finally, many other studies have also been devoted to damage creation in diamond upon exposure to heavier ions (carbon, oxygen, argon, xenon, …) in a wide range of impact energies [15[16[17[18[19].…”

Section: Chemical Sputtering Of Carbon and Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-crystal and polycrystalline diamond erosion studies in Pilot-PSI

Kogut

Aussems

Ning

et al. 2018

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Diamond is a promising candidate for enhancing the negative-ion surface production in the ion sources for neutral injection in fusion reactors; hence evaluation of its reactivity towards hydrogen plasma is of high importance. High quality PECVD single crystal and polycrystalline diamond samples were exposed in Pilot-PSI with the D + flux of (4-7)·10 24 m -2 s -1 and the impact energy of 7-9 eV per deuteron at different surface temperatures; under such conditions physical sputtering is negligible, however chemical sputtering is important. Net chemical sputtering yield Y = 9.7·10 -3 at/ion at 800°C was precisely measured ex-situ using a protective platinum mask (5x10x2 µm) deposited beforehand on a single crystal followed by the post-mortem analysis using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The structural properties of the exposed diamond surface were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Gross chemical sputtering yields were determined in-situ by means of optical emission spectroscopy of the molecular CH A-X band for several surface temperatures. We observed a bell shape dependence of the erosion yield versus temperature between 400°C and 1200°C, with a maximum yield of ~1.5·10 -2 at/ion attained at 900°C. The yields obtained for diamond are relatively high (0.51.5)·10 -2 at/ion, comparable with those of graphite. XPS analyses show amorphization of diamond surface within 1 nm depth, in good agreement with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. MD was also applied to study the hydrogen impact energy threshold for erosion of [100] diamond surface at different temperatures.

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Surface analysis of CVD diamond exposed to fusion plasma

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

High resolution structural characterisation of laser-induced defect clusters inside diamond

High resolution structural characterisation of laser-induced defect clusters inside diamond

Microfluidics based on ZnO/nanocrystalline diamond surface acoustic wave devices

Single-crystal and polycrystalline diamond erosion studies in Pilot-PSI

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