Surface active inverse micelles

Friberg, Stig E.; Bawab, Abeer Al; Abdoh, A. A.

doi:10.1007/s00396-007-1734-5

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[20] Thus, our present results for particle-stabilized liquid metallic emulsions are in principal agreement with previous results found for particlestabilized oil/water emulsions. [18][19][20][21][22] Finally, we can conclude that the missing material type in Figure 1 does exist; i.e., particle-stabilized liquid metallic emulsions can be produced under the same conditions (contact angle and liquid-phase ratio), as commonly known for particle-stabilized oil/water emulsions. Upon solidification, these emulsions become particle-stabilized monotectic alloys with homogeneously distributed second phase at least in a part of [20] generalized to liquid A/liquid B systems.…”

Section: Istvá N Budai and George Kaptaymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In colloid chemistry, it is known that when reducing the size of the stabilizing particles, the size of the emulsion droplets can be reduced, as well. [18][19][20][21][22] This is the reason nanoparticles are commonly used to stabilize oil/water emulsions. Thus, one can expect that the size of Bi droplets found in this article can be reduced by reducing the size of the stabilizing SiC particles.…”

Section: Istvá N Budai and George Kaptaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] However, once the droplets are nucleated, they immediately approach each other and coalesce under the influence of gravity or the interfacial gradient force, making the production of monotectic alloys with homogeneously distributed second phase almost impossible, especially for thick castings with considerable cooling times. [2][3][4][5][6] Here, we show for the first time that solid particles with appropriate wettability can be used to stabilize liquid metallic emulsions, opening a principally new route to produce thick wall monotectic alloys with homogeneously distributed second-phase droplets (particles).There has been common knowledge in colloid chemistry for more than a century [7] regarding how to stabilize water-or oil-based liquid foams [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and emulsions [13,[18][19][20][21][22] by solid particles. On the other hand, solid particle-stabilized metallic foams [23][24][25][26][27][28] were originally discovered quite empirically by metallurgists and independently from the aforedescribed common knowledge of colloid chemists.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Figure 2(c) is a theoretical emulsion stability diagram [20] for particle-stabilized emulsions. One can see that the contact angle (H) and the liquid-phase ratio (/ B ) are the two independent parameters that determine whether, in the given three-phase (liquid A + liquid B + solid C) combination of materials, any emulsion can be stabilized, and, if yes, the stable emulsion type (A droplets in B matrix, or vice versa).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been common knowledge in colloid chemistry for more than a century [7] regarding how to stabilize water-or oil-based liquid foams [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and emulsions [13,[18][19][20][21][22] by solid particles. On the other hand, solid particle-stabilized metallic foams [23][24][25][26][27][28] were originally discovered quite empirically by metallurgists and independently from the aforedescribed common knowledge of colloid chemists.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Class of Engineering Materials: Particle-Stabilized Metallic Emulsions and Monotectic Alloys

Budai

Kaptay

2009

Metall Mater Trans A

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Al-matrix particulate composites are melted and mixed with immiscible metals to form their small droplets in liquid aluminum. It is shown that, in the Al-Si/SiC/Bi system, the Bi droplets are stabilized by the SiC particles in the liquid Al matrix. Upon solidification, homogeneous distribution of solidified Bi droplets is obtained in the Al matrix at the bottom part of the ingot. Thus, a new class of engineering materials (particle-stabilized monotectic alloys) is obtained.Monotectic alloys are produced by solidifying liquid metallic emulsions, i.e., small droplets of one liquid metal dispersed in the matrix of another immiscible liquid metal. [1] However, once the droplets are nucleated, they immediately approach each other and coalesce under the influence of gravity or the interfacial gradient force, making the production of monotectic alloys with homogeneously distributed second phase almost impossible, especially for thick castings with considerable cooling times. [2][3][4][5][6] Here, we show for the first time that solid particles with appropriate wettability can be used to stabilize liquid metallic emulsions, opening a principally new route to produce thick wall monotectic alloys with homogeneously distributed second-phase droplets (particles).There has been common knowledge in colloid chemistry for more than a century [7] regarding how to stabilize water-or oil-based liquid foams [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and emulsions [13,[18][19][20][21][22] by solid particles. On the other hand, solid particle-stabilized metallic foams [23][24][25][26][27][28] were originally discovered quite empirically by metallurgists and independently from the aforedescribed common knowledge of colloid chemists. However, it has become clear that the law of stabilization of water foams and metallic foams by particles is a common law. [10,20] Due to this gap in ''common knowledge'' of the colloid chemists' and metallurgists' communities, it is not surprising that the metallic analogue of particlestabilized oil/water emulsions does not exist today ( Figure 1). The goal of this article is to show that particle-stabilized liquid metallic emulsions (PSLMEs) can be produced, at least in a laboratory scale. In addition to the scientific curiosity, this might have a serious impact on further materials development. Solidifying the PSLMEs, a new route opens to produce monotectic alloys with homogeneously distributed second-phase particles in virtually any size, which is impossible to do when the monotectic alloys are not stabilized by particles.Let us summarize in Figure 2 the experience gathered by colloid chemists for the last century. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Figure 2(c) is a theoretical emulsion stability diagram [20] for particle-stabilized emulsions. One can see that the contact angle (H) and the liquid-phase ratio (/ B ) are the two independent parameters that determine whether, in the given three-phase (liquid A + liquid B + solid C) combination of materials, any emulsion can be stabil...

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