Surface‐active and associative properties of ionic polymeric surfactants based on carboxymethylcellulose

Abstract

Polymeric biosurfactants were prepared by the transesterification reaction between rapeseed oil triacyl glycerides and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The reaction was performed in H2O/N,N dimethylformamide (DMF) with potassium laurate as catalyst at various reaction conditions using microwave radiation as heating source. The structural features of the obtained water‐soluble CMC derivatives were characterized Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and their behavior in dilute aqueous solutions was investigated by surface activity measurements, viscometry and with a polarity probe, the Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye. All derivatives showed a very low esterification extent and moderate surface tension lowering effect. Nevertheless, they exhibited significant emulsifying efficiency comparable to that of the synthetic surfactant, Tween 20. They establish hydrophobic associations in bulk solution while adsorbing on the air/water interface. The presence of hydrophobic substituents in CMC molecules enhanced the hydrophobicity resulting in higher emulsion stability than produced by Tween 20. The results suggested that suitable polymeric biosurfactants applicable as emulsifying agents can be prepared from CMC under microwave heating at low microwave power and reaction times in the range of few minutes, what represents a great advantage in comparison with transesterification reactions lasting up to 6 h at conventional heating. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. ©2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.

Synthesis and characterization of sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose from cotton, powder, microcrystalline and nanocellulose

“…[ 52 ] Obviously, the broad absorption band in the range 3424–2928 сm −1 is characteristic of hydroxyl (OH) and methylene (CH) asymmetric stretching vibrations. [ 53 ] These bonds have a light terminal hydrogen atom. The oscillation of this bond in a molecule is only slightly affected by the rest of the molecule.…”

Preparation and Characterization of Amphiphilic Composites Made with Double‐Modified (Etherified and Esterified) Potato Starches

“…CMS is the stretching vibration peak of ether bond C─O─C around 1070 cm À1 , and the stretching vibration peak of carboxylate ─COO─ appears between 1300, 1420, and 1610 cm À1 , indicating the introduction of hydrophilic group. [18] CMS-LS retains the carboxylate stretching vibration peak of 1300-1610 cm À1 , and the stretching vibration peak of ester bond C5 5O appears at 1726 cm À1 , [19] and the hydrophobic group is successfully connected to the carboxymethyl starch (see Figure 1b). The water solubility of the three can be seen from Figure 1c.…”

Preparation and Characterization of Polymeric Surfactants Based on Epoxidized Soybean Oil Grafted Hydroxyethyl Cellulose

“…Polymeric surfactants are important for a variety of industrial applications. Increasing interest in natural, renewable, and biodegradable materials makes natural polymers like cellulose and its derivatives attractive raw materials for the preparation of biopolymeric surfactants . Cellulose-based polymeric surfactants have drawn much attention in the last decades because they present many novel performances such as low cost, biodegradation, associative properties in water, rheological properties, and surface-active properties that can control foaming or emulsion stability. − …”

“…Although fatty acid esters are found in nature as triglycerides and inexpensive as acylation reagents, the improvement of surface-active properties of fatty acid-esterified cellulose derivatives is limited . According to the literature, the surface tension of water was decreased from 72.8 to 46–65 mN/m by fatty acid-esterified cellulose derivatives .…”

“…1 According to the literature, the surface 54 tension of water was decreased from 72.8 mN/m to 46 -65 mN/m by fatty 55 acid-esterified cellulose derivatives. 18 However, it is well known that saponified fatty 56 acid esters are an important surfactant and are effective at lowering the surface tension 57 of water from 20 to 40 mN/m.…”