Surface‐active agents based on propoxylated lignosulfonate

Hornof, V.; Hombek, R.

doi:10.1002/app.1990.070410939

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These surfactants have been reinvented and studied for other applications such as the ethoxylated sulfonates [149] to eliminate the co-surfactant requirement for petroleum sulfonates in microemulsions or to improve lignosulfonate tensioactivity and salt tolerance [150]. Highly branched Guerbert type propoxylated structures [151], as well as surfactants for systems containing chlorinated oils [152], were also proposed.…”

Section: Insensitivity To Surfactant Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Attain Ultralow Interfacial Tension and Three‐Phase Behavior with Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 4: Robustness of the Optimum Formulation Zone Through the Insensibility to Some Variables and the Occurrence of Complex Artifacts

Salager

Antón

Arandia

et al. 2017

J Surfact & Detergents

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In enhanced oil recovery, not only the low‐tension performance, but also the robustness at optimum formulation is an important issue. The fourth part of our review series is dedicated to robustness, defined as the width of the zone exhibiting three‐phase behavior around the optimum formulation, whatever the scanned variable. It is first corroborated from a screening of the available data in the literature that the tension minimum is inversely proportional to the square of the three‐phase range in the HLD scale. However, since there is still an inaccuracy of about a factor 10 in the tension minimum, some significant improvement can be attained in some cases by increasing the three‐phase behavior width in two ways. The first approach consists of finding systems that are insensitive to some formulation variable such as temperature, surfactant mixture composition or concentration, and water‐to‐oil ratio. The second way is to produce an artifact through which the optimum formulation is produced twice in a scan. If the distance between the two events in the scan is reduced down to be zero, their corresponding three‐phase behavior zones merge and result in a wider WIII region with a low tension. Several cases of such events are reported: alkaline scans, anionic‐nonionic and anionic‐cationic mixture changes, linear change in composition in three‐surfactant mixture, partial precipitation from a surfactant mixture in a salinity scan, and excessive partitioning of polyethoxylated nonionics. More complex transitions with three effects in a single scan or three concomitantly scanned variables show even more possibilities in practice.

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Section: Insensitivity To Surfactant Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Attain Ultralow Interfacial Tension and Three‐Phase Behavior with Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 4: Robustness of the Optimum Formulation Zone Through the Insensibility to Some Variables and the Occurrence of Complex Artifacts

Salager

Antón

Arandia

et al. 2017

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…19 It has been reported that lignin can react with an alkene oxide to yield lignin-based polyol, which in turn improves the solubility and uniformity of lignin. 18,20 Chemically modified lignins provide several advantages in replacing conventional polyols used in polyurethane fabrication. During lignin modification, the majority of phenolic hydroxyl groups are converted to aliphatic hydroxyl units, leading to readily available and more reactive hydroxyl groups.…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Lignopolyols from Wheat Straw Soda Lignin

Ahvazi

Wojciechowicz

Ton-That

et al. 2011

J. Agric. Food Chem.

111

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Wheat straw soda lignin was modified and characterized by several qualitative and quantitative methods such as 31 P NMR spectroscopy to evaluate its potential as a substitute for polyols in view of polyurethane applications. Chemical modification of the lignin was achieved with propylene oxide to form lignopolyol derivatives. This was performed by a two-step reaction of lignin with maleic anhydride followed by propylene oxide and by direct oxyalkylation under acidic and alkaline conditions. The physical and chemical properties of lignopolyols from each method and the subsequent chain-extended hydroxyl groups were evaluated. Direct oxyalkylation of lignin under alkaline conditions was found to be more efficient than acidic conditions and more effective than the two-step process for preparing lignopolyol with higher aliphatic hydroxyl contents.

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“…pH 12.0) of ligninsulfonates with an alkene oxide, preferably propylene oxide. The reaction has been described repeatedly (Wu and Glasser 1984;Hornof and Hombek 1990).The product formed may be isolated by precipitation from a non-solvent, or it may be subjected directly to ion exchange. The complete protection of all phenolic hydroxyl groups is conveniently ascertained by difference-UVspectroscopy.…”

Section: Homogeneous Phase Etherification (Water-soluble Ionic Ethers)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These acylation procedures were mainly based on the use of water-swollen ligninsulfonates in pyridine prepared by elaborate and complex solvent exchange procedures. In addition to water-soluble ligninsulfonate esters, hydroxypropyl ethers of ligninsulfonate have also been reported recently (Hornof and Hombek 1990). Phenolic substances may conveniently be reacted with propylene oxide (and other alkene oxides) in cold aqueous alkaline solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lignin Derivatives III. Sulfonate Esters

Dhara¹,

Jain²,

Glasser³

1993

HFSG

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Several ionic, and a new class of non-ionic ligninsulfonate ester products were prepared using simple chemistry that may be adapted for industrial scale-up. This chemistry produces little known derivatives of ligninsulfonates by homogeneous phase reaction. Ionic esters are prepared in formamide; they have greater degrees of substitution than are typically achieved with heterogeneous phase chemistry. Non-ionic Ligninsulfonate esters are the product of the reaction of free sulfonic acids with oxiranc-containing compounds in a non-aqueous solvent (isopropanol). Non-ionic ligninsulfonate esters are water-insoluble, thermoplastic polymer derivatives with unique properties.

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Surface‐active agents based on propoxylated lignosulfonate

Cited by 25 publications

References 3 publications

How to Attain Ultralow Interfacial Tension and Three‐Phase Behavior with Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 4: Robustness of the Optimum Formulation Zone Through the Insensibility to Some Variables and the Occurrence of Complex Artifacts

How to Attain Ultralow Interfacial Tension and Three‐Phase Behavior with Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 4: Robustness of the Optimum Formulation Zone Through the Insensibility to Some Variables and the Occurrence of Complex Artifacts

Preparation of Lignopolyols from Wheat Straw Soda Lignin

Lignin Derivatives III. Sulfonate Esters

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