Purpose The conceptualization of integration is built on intra- and inter-organizational relationship to manage the entire supply chain. Despite the growing number of research studies, there is a lack of consensus in current literature to define and conceptualize supply chain integration (SCI) and its drivers. The purpose of this paper is to provide comprehensive views on SCI, thereby contributing to existing literature by providing taxonomy to drivers and sources, dimensions and outcome of SCI. Design/methodology/approach The systematic approach to literature review has been adopted to carry out this research. The study cites 154 articles, out of which 110 articles have been thoroughly reviewed, covering drivers and sources of SCI, SCI dimensions and SCI outcome. Findings For the conceptualization of SCI dimensions, two major themes have been identified: first, internal integration, customer integration and supplier integration; second, information sharing, process coordination and strategic alliance. The authors also found that desire to improve and environmental factors prompt organizations to integrate with their partners to realize the desired outcome. Additionally, the paper identifies that integration plays a significant role in enhancing performance; nevertheless, maturity of integration may have a direct relationship with performance, and the same has been suggested as propositions for further study. Research limitations/implications This paper has taken the systematic perspective to review existing studies and projected propositions, which is entirely based on collective views that may require empirical support. Originality/value The paper is a unique contribution that reviews the research articles on SCI systematically. The paper also provides a distinct perspective and food for thought to practitioners, as the proposed framework may serve as a reference point to assess current SCI practices in the organizations.
[1] Previous investigations on initiation of motion and erosion of cohesive sediment mixtures have not included gravel within the mixtures. Experimental results on the incipient motion characteristics of cohesive sediment mixtures containing gravel are presented in this paper. The sediment used consisted of fine gravel mixed with clay in proportions varying from 10% to 50% by weight, and fine gravel with fine sand mixed in equal proportion, with clay proportions again varying from 10% to 50% by weight. The stages of the incipient condition of motion were visually identified. Three modes of initiation of motion of cohesive sediment mixtures were noticed, namely, pothole erosion, line erosion, and mass erosion. The modes of initiation of motion changed mainly with clay percentages in the mixture, its antecedent moisture characteristics, and the applied shear stress. Analysis of the experimental data from the present study and the literature revealed that depending upon the flow and sediment characteristics, the critical shear stress of the incipient motion condition in cohesive sediment mixtures can be up to 50 times larger than the critical shear stress of cohesionless sediments having similar arithmetic mean size as the cohesive sediments. On the basis of dimensional considerations, a relationship is proposed for the determination of critical shear stress of the incipient motion condition in cohesive sediment mixtures also containing gravel. The variables, namely, clay percentage, void ratio, and unconfined compressive strength of the sediment bed, are noticed to be the main parameters controlling the incipient motion condition of the cohesive sediments. In the absence of cohesion, the proposed relationship reduces to the critical shear stress for the incipient motion condition of the cohesionless sediment mixture having the same arithmetic mean size. The condition for the threshold of erosion of cohesive sediment mixtures by the flow is thus parameterized in the present study.
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