Surf beat-induced overwash during Typhoon Haiyan deposited two distinct sediment assemblages on the carbonate coast of Hernani, Samar, central Philippines

Soria, Janneli Lea A.; Switzer, Adam D.; Pilarczyk, Jessica E.; Tang, Hui; Weiss, Robert; Siringan, Fernando P.; Manglicmot, Michelle; Gallentes, Adonis; Lau, A. Y. Annie; Cheong, Amanda Yee Lin; Koh, Tracy

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2017.08.016

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Typhoon Haiyan killed more than 6,300 people and injured more than 28,689 in the Philippines (Lagmay et al, 2014). In Hernani, deposits of sand were found~300 m inland after the storm (Soria et al, 2018). Since Hernani is protected by an extensive fringing reef, a hazard reduction from the storm was expected (Ferrario et al, 2014).…”

Section: Field Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the winter of 2013–2014 storms transported boulders, weighing more than 45 metric ton, to inland distances of 222 m (Cox et al, ; Kennedy et al, ). Also, storm surge from typhoon Haiyan deposited boulders on the reef flat and a sand sheet reaching about 300 m inland (Soria et al, ). These observations indicate that there is a possibility for some of the relict deposits cited above to be attributed to wind wave events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tsunami versus Infragravity Surge: Comparison of the Physical Character of Extreme Runup

Montoya

Lynett

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Recent observations of energetic infragravity (IG) flooding events, such as those in the Philippines during Typhoon Haiyan, suggest that IG surges may approach the coast as breaking bores with periods of minutes: a very tsunami‐like characteristic. Energetic IG waves have been observed in various locations around the world and have led to loss of lives and damages to property. In this study, a comparison of overland flow characteristics between tsunamis and energetic IG wave events is presented. In general, whenever the tsunamis and energetic IG waves have similar runup, tsunamis tend to generate greater flow depths and longer flood durations than IG. However, flow velocities and Froude number are larger for IG primarily due to bore‐bore capture. This study provides a statistical and physical discriminant between tsunami and IG, such that in areas exposed to both, a proper interpretation of overland transport, deposition, and damage is possible.

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Section: Field Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami versus Infragravity Surge: Comparison of the Physical Character of Extreme Runup

Montoya

Lynett

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…This observation is in line with a more narrow distribution limit of <300 m from a reef-platform edge associated with storm-wave transport in contrast to up to several times longer transport distances by strong tsunamis (Goto et al, 2010b). How boulder transport distances under storm-wave conditions compare with those of high-energy surf beat (May et al, 2015;Kennedy et al, 2017;Soria et al, 2018) in the same location is not known. Further implications for long-term frequencymagnitude patterns of extreme-wave events and the local hazard potential, as well as a differentiation between storms and tsunamis, still require an additional combined onsite and remote sensing-based mapping of the entire boulder field, as well as an age dating campaign.…”

Section: Boulder Transport and Flooding Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…A). As the strongest tropical cyclone on record to make landfall, Haiyan caused ca 6600 fatalities, affected >16 million people (Lagmay et al ., ; Soria et al ., ), and had a massive impact on coarse‐clast sediment patterns and the geomorphology of the southern open‐Pacific coast of Samar (Engel et al ., ; May et al ., ; Brill et al ., ; Kennedy et al ., , ; Soria et al ., ). Supertyphoon Hagupit (local name: Ruby) made landfall 30 km south of the study site on 7 December 2014 with 10 min maximum sustained winds of 167 km h −1 (Fig.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital mapping of coastal boulders – high‐resolution data acquisition to infer past and recent transport dynamics

et al. 2019

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Coastal boulder fields provide clues to long‐term frequency‐magnitude patterns of coastal flooding events and have the potential to play an important role in coastal hazard assessment. Mapping boulders in the field is time and labour‐intensive, and work on intertidal reef platforms, as in the present study, is physically challenging. By addressing coastal scientists who are not specialists in remote sensing, this contribution reports on the possibilities and limitations of digital applications in boulder mapping in Eastern Samar, Philippines, where recent supertyphoons Haiyan and Hagupit induced high waves, coastal flooding and boulder transport. It is demonstrated how satellite imagery of sub‐metre resolution (from Pléiades and WorldView‐3 imagery) enables efficient analysis of transport vectors and distances of larger boulders, reflecting variation in latitudes of both typhoon tracks and approaching angles of typhoon‐generated waves. During the investigated events, boulders with a‐axes of up to 8 m were clearly identified to have been shifted for up to 32 m, mostly along the seaward margin of the boulder field. It is, however, hard to keep track of smaller boulders, and the length of a‐axes and b‐axes including their orientation is often impossible to map with sufficient accuracy. Orthophotographs and digital surface models created through the application of an unmanned aerial vehicle and the ‘Structure from Motion’ technique provide ultra‐high‐resolution data, and have the potential to not only improve the results of satellite image analysis, but also those from field mapping and may significantly reduce overall time in the field. Orthophotographs permit unequivocal mapping of a‐axes and b‐axes including their orientation, while precise values for c‐axes can be derived from the respective digital surface models. Volume of boulders is best inferred from boulder‐specific Structure from Motion‐based three‐dimensional models. Battery power, flight speed and altitude determine the limits of the area covered, while patches shielded by the boulders are difficult to resolve. For some tasks, field mapping remains mandatory and cannot be replaced by currently available remote sensing tools: for example, sampling for rock type, density and age dating, recording of lithological separation of boulders from the underlying geological unit and of geomorphic features on a millimetre to decimetre‐scale, or documentation of fine‐grained sediment transport in between the boulders in supratidal settings. In terms of future events, the digital products presented here will provide a valuable reference to track boulder transport on a centimetre to decimetre‐scale and to better understand the hydrodynamics of extreme‐wave events on a fringing reef coastline.

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“…Washover fans are a common depositional feature of areas exposed to extreme weather (Morton & Sallenger, 2003), and numerous studies have reported expected dimensions and sedimentary trends involving grain size and sedimentary structures. The majority of studies previously conducted on hurricane deposits examined washover fans on barrier islands or continental coastal environments, where sediment bodies of this type are most commonly found after a storm event (Deery & Howard, 1977;Hudock et al, 2014;Leatherman & Williams, 1977;Leatherman & Williams, 1983;Morton & Sallenger, 2003;Spiske & Jaffe, 2009;Schwartz, 1982;Sedgwick & Davis Jr., 2003;Soria et al, 2018;Wanless et al, 1988;Wang & Horowitz, 2007). There are consistent observed sediment trends between the results of most of these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hurricane Deposits on Carbonate Platforms: A Case Study of Hurricane Irma Deposits on Little Ambergris Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands

et al. 2020

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The study of modern hurricane deposits is useful in both identifying ancient hurricane deposits in the rock record and predicting patterns of deposition and erosion produced by future storm events. Hurricane deposits on carbonate platforms have been studied less frequently than have been those along continental coasts. Here we present observations of the characteristics of deposition and scour caused by Hurricane Irma on Little Ambergris Cay, a small uninhabited island located near the southeastern edge of the Caicos platform in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Hurricane Irma passed directly over Little Ambergris Cay on 7 September 2017 as a Category 5 hurricane. We described and sampled multiple types of hurricane deposits and determined that the washover fans were the best sedimentological records for hurricane conditions, as they were subject to very little reworking over time. We compared different model predictions of storm tide and wave height with eyewitness reports and distributions of scour. Examining the washover fans allowed for the construction of a conceptual model for hurricane deposits formed in a high‐energy storm event on a carbonate platform. Characteristics of the washover fans were their small size, the lack of sedimentary structures, and very well sorted sediment. The size and distribution of carbonate boulders eroded and transported by the storm are consistent with depth‐averaged flow velocities in the range of 1.5–5.3 m/s. The strength of the storm and the low‐lying topography, distinct features of a carbonate platform setting, contributed to high levels of sediment bypass and high flow velocities, resulting in small, unstructured deposits.

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Surf beat-induced overwash during Typhoon Haiyan deposited two distinct sediment assemblages on the carbonate coast of Hernani, Samar, central Philippines

Cited by 36 publications

References 41 publications

Tsunami versus Infragravity Surge: Comparison of the Physical Character of Extreme Runup

Tsunami versus Infragravity Surge: Comparison of the Physical Character of Extreme Runup

Digital mapping of coastal boulders – high‐resolution data acquisition to infer past and recent transport dynamics

Hurricane Deposits on Carbonate Platforms: A Case Study of Hurricane Irma Deposits on Little Ambergris Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands

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