Sur un cas de myxosporidiose du saumon

Prudhomme, M.; Pantaléon, Jean

doi:10.4267/2042/67768

Cited by 5 publications

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“…Although the cause of the ‘soft flesh’ problem in Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., from the North Sea was already identified almost 40 years ago (Hjorth‐Hansen 1968), the industry seems still to be largely unaware of this parasitic condition. Despite the fact that a Kudoa species formerly assigned to Kudoa histolytica (Pérard 1928) is associated with postmortem myoliquefaction in one of the most valuable pelagic fish stocks in the Northeast Atlantic (NEA), only a few records of this parasite exist (Prudhomme & Pantaleon 1959; Kovaleva, Shulman & Yakovlev 1979; Möller & Anders 1986; Shukhgalter 2004). Moreover, since the original description by Pérard (1928), the taxonomic status of K. histolytica has not been fully revised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of postmortem myoliquefactive kudoosis in Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., from the North Sea

Levsen¹,

Jørgensen²,

2008

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Members of the myxosporean genus Kudoa occur in various marine teleosts worldwide. Several species are of concern to the fishery and aquaculture industries as they may produce unsightly cysts in the fish host's musculature or are associated with postmortem myoliquefaction of the fish muscle, commonly referred to as 'soft flesh'. This study describes the occurrence and effects on a host of a Kudoa species in Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus, from the northern North Sea. Generalized postmortem myoliquefaction associated with Kudoa sp. occurred in 0.8% of the examined fish, i.e. 11 of 1339 mackerel developed 'soft flesh'. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of myoliquefaction between medium sized (400-600 g) and large mackerel (>600 g). The prevalence reached 8.9% in the latter host size group. No subclinical infections of Kudoa sp. were detected when examining fresh muscle (n = 103) and blood (n = 165) samples for spores using light microscopy. Affected mackerel developed generalized myoliquefaction after 38-56 h post-catch. No inflammatory host response was associated with the presence of plasmodia within single body muscle fibres of 'soft flesh' affected fish. Based on comparison of myxospore dimensions and analysis of the nuclear small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA, the present Kudoa species is assigned to Kudoa thyrsites. However, due to the species' apparently very wide geographical distribution and host range, its varying effect on different fish host species, together with the still unknown life cycle of Kudoa spp., the taxonomic status of K. thyrsites appears not to be fully resolved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of postmortem myoliquefactive kudoosis in Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., from the North Sea

Levsen¹,

Jørgensen²,

2008

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…There have been no reported mortalities of Atlantic salmon associated with infections of K. thyrsites in British Columbia. In Europe, K. histolytica was found in an Atlantic salmon with "liquefied" flesh from a French fish market (Prudhomme and Pantaleon 1959).…”

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MyxosporeanKudoa thyrsites: A Cause of Soft Flesh in Farm-Reared Atlantic Salmon

Whitaker

Kent

1991

Journal of Aquatic Animal Health

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Smoked fillets of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar that were reared in sea-pens at a fish farm in British Columbia were found with softened and discolored ar-eas. Examination of the affected tissue revealed infection with a parasite, the myxosporean Kudoa thyrsites. The smoking process (at 50°C for about 10 h) allowed proteolytic enzymes produced by the parasite to lyse areas of the fillet, resulting in poor-quality flesh. Inspection and culling of heavily infected fillets should reduce the immediate possibility of an inferior product reaching the market. Further work is necessary to define the extent of affected farm sites and to develop other handling and processing techniques for infected Atlantic salmon.

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“…The authors are aware of only one reference to Kudoa species in Atlantic salmon. Prudhomme & Pantaleon (1959) described an infection by Kudoa histolytica in the flesh of an Atlantic salmon from a fish market in France.…”

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confidence: 99%

Kudoa thyrsitis (Gilchrist) (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Harrell

Scott

1985

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Infections in year-old Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., by a histozoic myxosporean parasite identified as Kudoa thyrsitis {Gilchrist, 1924) were detected at the National Marine Fisheries Service's laboratory at Manchester, on Puget Sound, Washington, U.S.A.In April 1982, 1200 Atlantic salmon smolts each weighing approximately 55 g were transferred to sea water. Initial losses were attributed to stresses of seawater entry. By September, however, mortality had risen to 0-57% per day. Fresh dead and moribund fish were anaemic with uniformly swollen kidneys. Muscle and connective tissue rapidly deteriorated in an aseptic manner after death. Attempts to isolate bacterial pathogens usually associated with diseased salmon in net-pens were unsuccessful.Mature and maturing myxosporean spores were observed in wet mount preparations of muscle tissue from fresh and fixed specimens. Samples of spleen, kidney, liver, heart and muscle tissue were fixed in buffered 10% formalin, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections 6 nm thick were cut from each sample and stained with Harris haematoxylin and eosin and with periodic acid-Schiff using either a haematoxylin or light green counter stain (Luna 1960).Samples for transmission electron microscopy were fixed for 2 h in 4% glutaraldehyde in 0-1 M cacodylate buffer at pH7-4, then washed three times with buffer. The tissues were post-fixed in 1% OSO4, dehydrated, and embedded in Epon 812* according to the method of Luft (1961). Thin sections were cut, then stained with lead citrate and uranyl acetate. A JEOL lOOB* transmission electron microscope was used for examination and photography.The mature spores were stellate in polar view, consisting of four shell valves and four iridescent polar capsules. The polar capsules were pyriform, often with one clearly larger than the other three. Electron microscopy revealed the sporoplasm positioned posteriorly to the polar capsules and laterally within the extracapsular space (Fig. 1). Tentative identification of the organism as K. thyrsitis was based upon spore morphology and dimensions (Kabata & Whitaker 1981); the identification was confirmed by Z. Kabata (personal communication).

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Sur un cas de myxosporidiose du saumon

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Occurrence of postmortem myoliquefactive kudoosis in Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., from the North Sea

Occurrence of postmortem myoliquefactive kudoosis in Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., from the North Sea

MyxosporeanKudoa thyrsites: A Cause of Soft Flesh in Farm-Reared Atlantic Salmon

Kudoa thyrsitis (Gilchrist) (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

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