Myxosporean<i>Kudoa thyrsites</i>: A Cause of Soft Flesh in Farm-Reared Atlantic Salmon

Whitaker, David; Kent, Michael L.

doi:10.1577/1548-8667(1991)003<0291:mktaco>2.3.co;2

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…High intensity infections with this myxosporean parasite resulted in severe autolysis of the somatic musculature of fish 6 d post mortem. This finding supports previous reports in the literature that K, thyrsites is associated with post mortem muscle deterioration in Atlantic salmon (Harrell & Scott 1985, Whitaker & Kent 1991, Barja & Toranzo 1993. It also supports anecdotal reports from producers in the Atlantic salmon industry and suggests that preventing the shipment of fish infected with K. thyrsites would decrease the number of poor flesh quality claims received by the industry.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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A comparative study of muscle texture and intensity of Kudoa thyrsites infection in farm-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar on the Pacific coast of Canada

St‐Hilaire¹,

Hill²,

Kent³

et al. 1997

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The muscle texture of 32 Atlantic salmon S a h o salar infected with the myxosporean Kudoa thyrsites was compared to the texture of 32 uninfected Atlantic salmon to determine the relationship of K. thyrsites with postmortem muscle deterioration or soft flesh. Flesh texture was evaluated objectively with an lnstron texture assessment machine that measured the force required to pass a Kramer 10 blade apparatus through 40 g of muscle tissue. A significant negative correlation (R = -0.45, p = 0.004) was found between the firmness of flesh texture 6 d after harvest and the number of K. thyrsites spores in the muscle tissue. In addition, there was a threshold intensity of K. thyrsites spores necessary before any gross signs of muscle deterioration. The correlation found in this study is highly suggestive that this parasite is a cause either directly or indirectly of muscle deterioration in Atlantic salmon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Harrell & Scott (1985). Whitaker & Kent (1991), and Barja & Toranzo (1993) isolated Kudoa thyrsites from Atlantic salmon with poor flesh quality. This myxosporean parasite has been associated with post harvest autolysis in other species of marine fishes (Patashnik & Groninger 1964, Langdon et al 1992.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of muscle texture and intensity of Kudoa thyrsites infection in farm-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar on the Pacific coast of Canada

St‐Hilaire¹,

Hill²,

Kent³

et al. 1997

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…66) is a deleterious parasite of the Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, in which the total prevalence, single or in infections mixed with K. thyrsites, is up to 90% Whitaker 1981, Patashnik et al 1982). K. thyrsites (Gilchrist, 1924) Meglitsch, 1960 described from Thyrsites atun off South African coast has been known now as a cosmopolitan parasite infecting many species of marine fishes, such as Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, and including salmonids, such as Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus kisutch (Stehr and Whitaker 1986, Whitaker and Kent 1991, Moran et al 1999b.…”

Section: K U D O I D a Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on taxonomy, life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species

Lom¹,

Dyková²

2006

FOLIA PARASIT

694

604

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Abstract.A list of myxozoan genera is presented in the current taxonomical scheme. These genera are defined; their type species and most important pathogens along with their hosts are listed. Simultaneously, definitions of actinospore stages representing sexual stages of the myxosporean life cycle are given; altogether, 17 actinospore collective groups with 180 types have been described. Life cycles of the two classes of the phylum Myxozoa, Malacosporea and Myxosporea, are briefly outlined with specification of the appropriate terms. Up to now, 4 malacosporean and 2,180 myxosporean species assigned to a total of 62 genera, have been established. The surviving classification of myxosporeans, based on spore morphology, is discussed in the context of the still fragmentary data resulting from SSU rDNA sequence analyses. The main task for the future is a rigorous, detailed morphological description combined with molecular techniques in establishment of new species and in revision of the existing ones. Establishment of a classification acceptable from morphological, biological and phylogenetical viewpoints is necessary.

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“…Kudoa thyrsites has been implicated as a cause of soft flesh syndrome in farmed Atlantic Salmo salar and coho Oncorhynchus kisutch 'Addressee for correspondence. E-mail: kentm@dfo-mpo.gc.ca salmon reared in British Columbia (BC) seawater netpens (Whitaker & Kent 1991, Kent & Poppe 1998. However, concern about K. thyrsites infections is not limited to BC aquaculturalists as this parasite has both a worldwide distribution and wide host range (Moran & Kent 1999, Moran et al 1999a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) in netpen-reared Atlantic salmon determined by light microscopy and a polymerase chain reaction test

Moran

Margolis²,

Webster³

et al. 1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The intramuscular phase of development of Kudoa thyrsites, the myxosporean associated with post-mortem myoliquefaction, or 'soft flesh syndrome', is described using histological preparations of the musculature of seawater netpen-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon were naturally exposed to the infective stage whlle held in the expenmental seawater netpens of the Pacific Biological Station in Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. In fish exposed during the summer of 1995, K. thyrsites infections were first detected in the somatic musculature at 13 wk postexposure (p.e.) using only light microscopy. In the 1997 exposure, infections were first detected at 6 wk p.e. using a PCR test and at 9 wk p.e. using light microscopy. The earliest stage detected by histology was a small plasmodium containing 4 nuclei. No host response was observed that was directly related to the presence of intact plasmodia within muscle fibers. However, a response was associated with ruptured plasmodia, which was characterized by chronic, multlfocal inflammation between the muscle fibers.

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MyxosporeanKudoa thyrsites: A Cause of Soft Flesh in Farm-Reared Atlantic Salmon

Cited by 48 publications

References 5 publications

A comparative study of muscle texture and intensity of Kudoa thyrsites infection in farm-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar on the Pacific coast of Canada

A comparative study of muscle texture and intensity of Kudoa thyrsites infection in farm-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar on the Pacific coast of Canada

Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on taxonomy, life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species

Development of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) in netpen-reared Atlantic salmon determined by light microscopy and a polymerase chain reaction test

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