“…Previous studies have mainly focused on improving surgical techniques [ 4 , 9 , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] ]; however, only a few studies have attempted to improve the gap integration of grafts following mosaicplasty using a tissue engineering approach. In the tissue engineering field, natural growth factor-loaded hydrogel scaffolds have been proved to improve cell viability and osteochondral regeneration [ [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] ]. However, because they are easily inactivated, it is difficult to maintain their biological activity when combined with scaffold materials, which greatly hinder their long-term effects in vivo [ [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] ].…”