Supramolecular gel phase crystallization: orthogonal self-assembly under non-equilibrium conditions

Abstract

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Gels with sense: supramolecular materials that respond to heat, light and sound

“…Due to their large surface areas, fibrous gels can serve as supports for catalytic particles, enzymes or quantum dots, or as tuneable media for controlling crystallisation and nanofabrication processes. 39,[118][119][120][121][122][123][124] Precipitation in a gel may deliver materials with unusual crystal structures or particle Fig. 6 Structure of L-proline-based gelator 5 and reaction schemes illustrating the dominant reaction pathways in its gels and sols.…”

Two‐Component Supramolecular Gels Derived from Amphiphilic Shape‐Persistent Cyclo[6]aramides for Specific Recognition of Native Arginine

“…This system has the ability to discriminate native arginine from 19 other amino acids in a specific fashion. Cyclo [6]aramides show preferential binding for the guanidinium residue over ammonium groups. This specificity was confirmed by both experimental results and theoretical simulations.…”

“…[1] Their many functional applications of interest include recognition, [2] drug delivery, [3] tissue engineering, [4] catalysis, [5] and crystal growth, [6] as a result of their builtin specific responsiveness toward external stimuli and their ability to adapt to their surroundings. Particularly, multicomponent gelation systems where two or more constructing species interact through noncovalent or covalent forces to form a gel have shown significant advantages, such as the ready adjustment of gel performance and in exquisite microstructural tunability, [7] while providing an additional level of control in the hierarchical assembly process.…”

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Abstract: A unique supramolecular two-component gelation system was constructed from amphiphilic shape-persistent cyclo [6]aramides and diethylammonium chloride (or triethylammonium chloride). This system has the ability to discriminate native arginine from 19 other amino acids in a specific fashion.

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Metal ‘turn-off’, anion ‘turn-on’ gelation cascade in pyridinylmethyl ureas

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The ease with which these low molecular weight gelators (LMWG) can be synthesised and the fact the properties of their gels can be modified by light, pH, redox or chemical stimuli suggests potential applications in areas such as drug delivery, biomedicine and pharmaceutical solid form control. 3,[7][8][9][10] N-pyridyl ureas have attracted considerable attention because their competitive hydrogen bonding properties allow particularly well-controlled gelation behaviour. [11][12][13][14] Typically aryl ureas with electron withdrawing substituents such as a pyridyl moiety do not form the common urea -tape motif frequently implicated in gelation behaviour because the urea carbonyl is sterically blocked by competing intramolecular CH···O interactions and NH···N pyridyl hydrogen bonding.…”