Supramodal neural networks support top‐down processing of social signals

Abstract

The perception of facial and vocal stimuli is driven by sensory input and cognitive top‐down influences. Important top‐down influences are attentional focus and supramodal social memory representations. The present study investigated the neural networks underlying these top‐down processes and their role in social stimulus classification. In a neuroimaging study with 45 healthy participants, we employed a social adaptation of the Implicit Association Test. Attentional focus was modified via the classification task, which compared two domains of social perception (emotion and gender), using the exactly same stimulus set. Supramodal memory representations were addressed via congruency of the target categories for the classification of auditory and visual social stimuli (voices and faces). Functional magnetic resonance imaging identified attention‐specific and supramodal networks. Emotion classification networks included bilateral anterior insula, pre‐supplementary motor area, and right inferior frontal gyrus. They were pure attention‐driven and independent from stimulus modality or congruency of the target concepts. No neural contribution of supramodal memory representations could be revealed for emotion classification. In contrast, gender classification relied on supramodal memory representations in rostral anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortices. In summary, different domains of social perception involve different top‐down processes which take place in clearly distinguishable neural networks.

A neurobiological perspective on social influence: Serotonin and social adaptation

“…The integration of social information and stimuli is driven by 1) bottom‐up sensory input and 2) cognitive top‐down influences such as social knowledge, expectations, emotional states, past experiences, and contextual factors (Otten et al, 2017; Sonderfeld et al, 2020). Top‐down influence can have a pervasive effect on social cognition and shape how we perceive and interpret the world around us (Barrett & Bar, 2009; Otten et al, 2017; Sonderfeld et al, 2020). Not only social norms per se guide our value‐based decision‐making.…”

“…The integration of social information and stimuli is driven by 1) bottom-up sensory input and 2) cognitive top-down influences such as social knowledge, expectations, emotional states, past experiences, and contextual factors (Otten et al, 2017;Sonderfeld et al, 2020).…”

“…Top-down influence can have a pervasive effect on social cognition and shape how we perceive and interpret the world around us (Barrett & Bar, 2009;Otten et al, 2017;Sonderfeld et al, 2020). Not only social norms per se guide our value-based decision-making.…”