Supramicrometer particle shadowgraph imaging in the ionization region of a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Farquar, George R.; Steele, Paul T.; McJimpsey, Erica L.; Lebrilla, Carlito B.; Tobias, Herbert J.; Gard, Eric E.; Frank, Matthias; Coffee, Keith R.; Riot, Vincent; Fergenson, David P.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.09.010

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…While some particles can be identified as containing one drug, there are also many particles in this sample that have peaks indicative of several drugs. It is thought that these are indeed single conglomerate aerosol particles comprised of two or more drug particles sticking together and are not due to several individual particles being simultaneously irradiated by a single laser pulse in the ion source . Visual analysis of the tablets after sampling reveals small particles present on the outside of the tablets, thought to be residual particles from the other tablets in sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry for the Automated Nondestructive Identification of Drugs in Multicomponent Samples

et al. 2009

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In this work, single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) was used to identify the active drug ingredients in samples of multicomponent over-the-counter (OTC) drug tablets with minimal damage to the tablets. OTC drug tablets in various formulations were analyzed including single active ingredient tablets and multi-ingredient tablets. Using a sampling apparatus developed in-house, micrometer-sized particles were simultaneously dislodged from tablets and introduced to the SPAMS, where dual-polarity mass spectra were obtained from individual particles. Active ingredients were identified from the parent ions and fragment ions formed from each sample, and alarm files were developed for each active ingredient, allowing successful automated identification of each compound in a mixture. The alarm algorithm developed for SPAMS correctly identified all drug compounds in all single-ingredient and multi-ingredient tablets studied. A further study demonstrated the ability of this technique to identify the active ingredient in a single tablet analyzed in the presence of several other nonidentical tablets. In situ measurements were also made by sampling directly from a drug sample in its original bottle. A single tablet embedded in 11 identical tablets of different composition was detected in this manner. Overall, this work demonstrates the ability of the SPAMS technique to detect a target drug compound both in complex tablets, i.e., multidrug ingredient tablets, and complex sampling environments, i.e., multitablet sampling sources. The technique is practically nondestructive, leaving the characteristic shape, color, and imprint of a tablet intact for further analysis. Applications of this technique may include forensic and pharmaceutical analysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry for the Automated Nondestructive Identification of Drugs in Multicomponent Samples

et al. 2009

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“…The use of the AMS measured hit rate for ambient particles to determine the number density of particles of a given chemical composition type (n aerosol ) in the air sample is well established [27]. Recently, efforts have been made to extend the AMS capabilities to morphological determinations of supramicrometer particles using shadowography with 266 nm laser pulses [48].…”

Section: Flash Cxdi Of Airborne Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multi-parametric measurements of airborne PM morphological variability [37,48,62,[79][80][81] are used to catalogue the physicochemical properties necessary to accurately model processes ranging from the role of black carbon in global climate change [59] to pulmonary drug delivery optimization [61] and even dust grain accretion in protoplanetary discs during the early stages of solar system formation [82]. However, high-resolution imaging techniques capable of recording individual aerosol particle morphology remain a critical technological need in nanoscience [19], leaving high-resolution measurements of single particles limited to those captured from particles on a substrate.…”

Section: Ultrafast Snapshots Of Aerosol Morphology and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the hundreds of images of single particles captured on substrates typically used in studies of soot aggregates can be captured in less than a few minutes at FLASH. Single-particle CXDI experiments equipped with mass spectrometers monitoring the ions created from the single particle from the FEL exposure [48,85] would also provide information on the chemical complexity of the aerosols imaged.…”

Section: Ultrafast Snapshots Of Aerosol Morphology and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-particle coherent diffractive imaging with a soft x-ray free electron laser: towards soot aerosol morphology

Bogan¹,

Starodub²,

Hampton³

et al. 2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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The first of its kind, the Free electron LASer facility in Hamburg, FLASH, produces soft x-ray pulses with unprecedented properties (10 fs, 6.8–47 nm, 1012 photons per pulse, 20 µm diameter). One of the seminal FLASH experiments is single-pulse coherent x-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI). CXDI utilizes the ultrafast and ultrabright pulses to overcome resolution limitations in x-ray microscopy imposed by x-ray-induced damage to the sample by ‘diffracting before destroying’ the sample on sub-picosecond timescales. For many lensless imaging algorithms used for CXDI it is convenient when the data satisfy an oversampling constraint that requires the sample to be an isolated object, i.e. an individual ‘free-standing’ portion of disordered matter delivered to the centre of the x-ray focus. By definition, this type of matter is an aerosol. This paper will describe the role of aerosol science methodologies used for the validation of the ‘diffract before destroy’ hypothesis and the execution of the first single-particle CXDI experiments being developed for biological imaging. FLASH CXDI now enables the highest resolution imaging of single micron-sized or smaller airborne particulate matter to date while preserving the native substrate-free state of the aerosol. Electron microscopy offers higher resolution for single-particle analysis but the aerosol must be captured on a substrate, potentially modifying the particle morphology. Thus, FLASH is poised to contribute significant advancements in our knowledge of aerosol morphology and dynamics. As an example, we simulate CXDI of combustion particle (soot) morphology and introduce the concept of extracting radius of gyration of fractal aggregates from single-pulse x-ray diffraction data. Future upgrades to FLASH will enable higher spatially and temporally resolved single-particle aerosol dynamics studies, filling a critical technological need in aerosol science and nanotechnology. Many of the methodologies described for FLASH will directly translate to use at hard x-ray free electron lasers.

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“…Here, particle velocities and positions were determined from the image charges of particles transmitted through a metal tube. Aerosol beams have also been directly imaged in the past [12,13], but so far the great utility of this approach that we emphasize here has not been integrated into SPI experiments. More generally, the determination of particle-laden flow fields has been studied extensively within the field of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and its variants [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing aerosol-particle injection for diffractive-imaging experiments

Awel,

Kirian,

Eckerskorn

et al. 2015

Preprint

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Delivering sub-micrometer particles to an intense x-ray focus is a crucial aspect of single-particle diffractive-imaging experiments at x-ray free-electron lasers. Enabling direct visualization of sub-micrometer aerosol particle streams without interfering with the operation of the particle injector can greatly improve the overall efficiency of single-particle imaging experiments by reducing the amount of time and sample consumed during measurements. We have developed in-situ non-destructive imaging diagnostics to aid real-time particle injector optimization and x-ray/particle-beam alignment, based on laser illumination schemes and fast imaging detectors. Our diagnostics are constructed to provide a non-invasive rapid feedback on injector performance during measurements, and have been demonstrated during diffraction measurements at the FLASH free-electron laser.

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Supramicrometer particle shadowgraph imaging in the ionization region of a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Use of Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry for the Automated Nondestructive Identification of Drugs in Multicomponent Samples

Use of Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry for the Automated Nondestructive Identification of Drugs in Multicomponent Samples

Single-particle coherent diffractive imaging with a soft x-ray free electron laser: towards soot aerosol morphology

Visualizing aerosol-particle injection for diffractive-imaging experiments

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