Suppressive Effects of Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. [Labiatae] Methanolic Extract and Its Fractions on Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is the most prominent of all diabetes types, contributing to global morbidity and mortality. Availability and cost of treatment with little or no side effect especially in developing countries, remains a huge burden. This has led to the search of affordable alternative therapies especially from medicinal plants. In this study, the antidiabetic effect of the methanolic extract, dichloromethane (DCM), butanol (BuOH) and aqueous fractions of Clerodendrum volubile leaves were investigated in type 2 diabetic rats for their effect on glucose homeostasis, serum insulin level and hepatic biomarkers, lipid profile, pancreatic redox balance and Ca2+ levels, and β-cell distribution and function. The DCM was further fractionated to isolate the active compounds, biochanin and 5,7,4′-trimethoxykaempferol. They were investigated for their toxicity and ADMET properties, α-glucosidase and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities in silico. There were significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose, cholesterol, LDL-C, vLDL-C, triglyceride, AST and ALT levels in all treated groups, with DCM fraction showing the best activity. All treated rats showed significantly (p < 0.05) improved anti-oxidative activities. Treatment with the DCM fraction led to significant (p < 0.05) increased serum insulin and pancreatic Ca2+ levels, as well as improved β-cell distribution and function. DCM fraction also showed improved glucose tolerance. DCM fraction dose-dependently inhibited ACE activity. The toxicity class of the isolated compounds was predicted to be 5. They were also predicted to be potent inhibitors of cytochrome P (CYPs) 1A2, 2D6 and 3A4. They docked well with α-glucosidase and ACE. These results indicate the therapeutic potential of the plant against type 2 diabetes, with the DCM fraction being the most potent which may be attributed to the isolated flavones. It further suggests antihypertensive potentials of the DCM fraction. However, inhibition of CYPs by the flavones may suggest caution in usage with other prescribed drugs metabolized by these enzymes.

Clerodendrum volubileEthanol Leaf Extract: A Potential Antidote to Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

“…Clerodendrum volubile is indigenous and ubiquitous to the riverine belts of the West African tropical rainforest of Nigeria, Benin Republic, Ghana, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, and Sierra Leone where it is also grown as an ornamental plant [30,31]. Due to its high nutritive and ethnopharmacological value, Clerodendrum volubile whole plant and its parts are used in the African ethnomedicine in the local management of joint pains and swellings, diabetes mellitus, gastric ulcer, obesity and hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and other heart diseases and dropsy [31,32]. However, some of these folkloric claims have been scientifically validated and have been attributed to its high polyphenol content such as ajugoside, pectolinarigenin, protocatechuic acid, biochanin, and 5, 7, 4′-trimethoxykaempferol [31].…”

Vernonia Amygdalina Del. stimulated glucose uptake in brain tissues enhances antioxidative activities; and modulates functional chemistry and dysregulated metabolic pathways

“…2018). Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported in extreme hyperglycemia in T2D (Erukainure et al 2018;Maritim et al 2003). Inability of the tissues' endogenous system to mop these free radicals, results in oxidative stress which has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of microvascular and macrovascular complications in T2D (Whitlow et al 2015).…”

Liver mitochondrial membrane permeability modulation in insulin-resistant, uninephrectomised male rats by Clerodendrum volubile P. Beauv and Manihot esculenta Crantz

“…In folklore medicine, the plant is useful for the treatment of several ailments such as diabetes, rheumatism, arthritis, edema and gout [26,27]. The reported pharmacological properties of C. volubile leaf includes anti-inflammatory [27], antioxidants [28,29], antihypertensive [25,30], antidiabetic [31,32], neuroprotective [33], hepatoprotective [34,35] and cancer chemopreventive [36,37] activities. In a recent study by Erukainure et al [38], the antidiabetic effect of acute treatment with the ethyl acetate fraction of C. volubile leaves was investigated and this property was attributed to the protocatechuic acid which was observed to be the active compound of the plant.…”

“…This plant is often termed the magic leaf owing to its wide use in folklore medicine to treat several diseases especially diabetes mellitus. Several polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids) have been reported [25,29,30,32] to be present in C. volubile leaves which has been shown to confer these medicinal and health benefits of this plant.…”