Suppressive effects of aluminum trichloride on the T lymphocyte immune function of rats

Zhu, Yanzhu; Hu, Chen; Li, Xinwei; Lei, Lei; Sun, Hsin‐Yun; Zhao, Hongxia; Li, Yanfei

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.007

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The CD8 + T lymphocyte had cytotoxic effect and could suppress the activity of T lymphocytes. The ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + was thus reflecting activate/inhibitory functions of the immune system of mice [29]. In this experiment, the proportion of the CD3 + and CD4 + T lymphocyte increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Activation Effects of Polysaccharides ofFlammulina velutipesMycorrhizae on the T Lymphocyte Immune Function

Yan

Liu

Mao

et al. 2014

Journal of Immunology Research

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Flammulina velutipes mycorrhizae have increasingly been produced with increasing of F. velutipes production. A mouse model was thus used to examine potential effect of F. velutipes mycorrhizae on the immune function. Fifty female Wistar mice (5-weeks-old) weighed 15–20 g were randomly allocated into five groups. Polysaccharide of F. velutipes mycorrhizae were treated with mice and mice spleen lymphocytes. The levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocyte, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) were determined. The results showed that the proportions of CD3+, and CD4+ T lymphocyte, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+, and the levels of IL-2 and TNF-a were significantly increased in polysaccharide of F. velutipes mycorrhizae, while the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocyte was decreased in polysaccharide of F. velutipes mycorrhizae-dose dependent manner. Our findings indicated that a long term exposure of polysaccharide of F. velutipes mycorrhizae could activate the T lymphocyte immune function. Polysaccharide of F. velutipes mycorrhizae was expected to develop into the immune health products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Activation Effects of Polysaccharides ofFlammulina velutipesMycorrhizae on the T Lymphocyte Immune Function

Yan

Liu

Mao

et al. 2014

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…In this study, high concentration Cort decreased CD4 + and CD8 + subsets in AlCl 3 -treated lymphocytes, whereas low concentration Cort increased the CD4 + subset and there was no obvious effect on CD8 + subset. The effect of low concentration Cort on CD8 + subset might attribute to the CD8 + is a marker of T inhibiter lymphocyte which can inhibit T lymphocyte immune function [3,36]. Taken together, these results suggested that low concentration Cort relieved immunosuppression by increasing CD4 + subset rather than CD8 + subset, high concentration Cort aggravated the immunotoxicity of AlCl 3 by decreasing CD4 + and CD8 + subsets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Al exposure can cause toxic effects on the nervous system, bone, reproductive system, and liver, especially in the immune system [2]. Previous studies showed that aluminum trichloride (AlCl 3 ) exposure inhibited the immune function of splenic T and B lymphocytes by decreasing the lymphocyte proliferation, CD4 + /CD8 + subsets ratio, IL-2, and TNF-α secretion and inducing lymphocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro [3][4][5]. Furthermore, we found that AlCl 3 exerted immunotoxicity by increasing glucocorticoids (GCs) release in rats (unpublished result).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Corticosterone on Immune Functions of Cultured Rat Splenic Lymphocytes Exposed to Aluminum Trichloride

Yang

Zhuang

et al. 2016

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Aluminum (Al) exposure is toxic to immune system. Studies have implicated that glucocorticoids (GCs) exert the dual regulation effect on the immune function depending on the concentration. However, it is unknown whether a dual effect of GCs exists in the AlCl3-treated lymphocytes. Corticosterone (Cort) is one kind of GCs. To investigate the effect of different concentration Cort on AlCl3-treated lymphocytes, rat splenic lymphocyte was isolated and cultured with 0.55 mmol/L AlCl3, simultaneously administrated Cort at final concentration of 0 (control group, CG), 10(-8) (low-level group, LG), and 10(-6) (high-level group, HG) mol/L, respectively. Another group without AlCl3 and Cort served as the blank group (BG). We found that low concentration Cort increased the T and B lymphocyte proliferation rate, proportions of CD4(+) T lymphocyte subset, IgG, IL-2, and TNF-α contents, whereas high concentration Cort decreased those in AlCl3-treated lymphocytes. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that low concentration Cort relieves the immunotoxicity of AlCl3 on the splenic lymphocytes, whereas high concentration Cort aggravates it.

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“…This bioavailable aluminium may have originated from acidification (Wood, 1985;Piñia and Cervantes, 1996;Gooday et al, 2010) as result of low oxygen waters within the Benguela system (Monteiro and van der Plas, 2006) and/or dredging operations (Borma et al, 2003) along the West Coast of Southern Africa. Although aluminium is generally regarded as safe to healthy humans due to rapid excretion after absorption (Rodger et al, 1991;DeVoto and Yokel, 1994;Gräske et al, 2000), some findings indicate that long-term exposure to aluminium could suppress the T lymphocyte immune function in mammalian models (Zhu et al, 2012). It is known that T lymphocytes constitute a critical component of mammalian host defences against opportunistic fungal infections (Huffnagle et al, 1994;Levitz et al, 1994;Gupta et al, 2004;Walsh et al, 2004), thus the elevated levels of aluminium in the FKW skins may have been responsible for a suppressed immune response and subsequent survival of opportunistic fungal invaders.…”

Section: Cetacean Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marine mammals such as cetaceans often occupy the top trophic levels in food chains and are therefore subjected to the bioaccumulation of a range of pollutants, including potentially toxic trace elements (Stavros et al, 2007;Capelli et al, 2008;Mouton and Botha, 2012). Such elements may include aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) (Woshner et al, 2001;Das et al, 2003;Mukherjee et al, 2004;O'Hara et al, 2006;Stavros et al, 2007;Zhu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking the occurrence of cutaneous opportunistic fungal invaders with elemental concentrations in false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) skin

Mouton

Przybyłowicz

Mesjasz‐Przybyłowicz

et al. 2015

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Cetaceans, occupying the top levels in marine food chains, are vulnerable to elevated levels of potentially toxic trace elements, such as aluminium (Al), mercury (Hg) and nickel (Ni). Negative effects associated with these toxic metals include infection by opportunistic microbial invaders. To corroborate the link between the presence of cutaneous fungal invaders and trace element levels, skin samples from 40 stranded false killer whales (FKWs) were analysed using culture techniques and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. Twenty-two skin samples yielded 18 clinically relevant fungal species. While evidence for bioaccumulation of Hg in the skin of the FKWs was observed, a strong link was found to exist between the occurrence of opportunistic fungal invaders and higher Al : Se and Al : Zn ratios. This study provides indications that elevated levels of some toxic metals, such as Al, contribute to immunotoxicity rendering FKWs susceptible to colonization by cutaneous opportunistic fungal invaders.

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Suppressive effects of aluminum trichloride on the T lymphocyte immune function of rats

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Activation Effects of Polysaccharides ofFlammulina velutipesMycorrhizae on the T Lymphocyte Immune Function

Activation Effects of Polysaccharides ofFlammulina velutipesMycorrhizae on the T Lymphocyte Immune Function

Effects of Corticosterone on Immune Functions of Cultured Rat Splenic Lymphocytes Exposed to Aluminum Trichloride

Linking the occurrence of cutaneous opportunistic fungal invaders with elemental concentrations in false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) skin

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