Suppression of Tumorigenesis: Modulation of Inflammatory Cytokines by Oral Administration of Microencapsulated Probiotic Yogurt Formulation

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the ability of a novel microencapsulated probiotic yogurt formulation to suppress the intestinal inflammation. We assessed its anticancer activity by screening interleukin-1, 6, and 12 (IL-1, 6, 12), secretory levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and thromboxane B2 in the digesta obtained from the duodenum, jejunum, proximal, and distal segments of the ileum of C57BL/6J-ApcMin/J mice. Formulation-receiving animals showed consistently lower proinflammatory cytokines' levels when compared to control group animals receiving empty alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate (APA) microcapsules suspended in saline. The concentrations of IL-12 found in serum in control and treatment group animals were significant: 46.58 ± 16.96 pg/mL and 158.58 ± 28.56 pg/mL for control and treatment animals, respectively. We determined a significant change in plasma C-reactive protein: 81.04 ± 23.73 ng/mL in control group and 64.21 ± 16.64 ng/mL in treatment group. Western blots showed a 71% downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in treatment group animals compared to control. These results point to the possibility of using this yogurt formulation in anticancer therapies, in addition to chronic gut diseases such as Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) thanks to its inflammation lowering properties.

In VitroFunctional and Immunomodulatory Properties of the Lactobacillus helveticus MIMLh5-Streptococcus salivarius ST3 Association That Are Relevant to the Development of a Pharyngeal Probiotic Product

“…For instance, several probiotic preparations were found to reduce the amount of prostaglandins and levels of COX-2 gene expression at the intestinal level in murine models (3,41) and in vitro (24). In contrast, other papers reported a significant upregulation of COX-2 expression levels by probiotic bacteria in vitro (19,30) and in vivo (19,22).…”

The Role of Probiotics in Colorectal Cancer Management

“…e healthy intestinal microbiota is crucial for the maturation of the immune system and development of immunity against invading pathogens. e supplementation of probiotics aids to improve the immune system and modulate the immune system via regulating the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and associated regulatory genes [78,85,86]. e improvement of intestinal permeability is often associated with several gastrointestinal tract associated illness.…”

Microencapsulation for the Therapeutic Delivery of Drugs, Live Mammalian and Bacterial Cells, and Other Biopharmaceutics: Current Status and Future Directions

“…Further research investigated the ability of APA microencapsulated L. acidophilus to suppress intestinal inflammation in mice, for potential applications in chronic inflammatory gut diseases such as IBS and IBD [ 17 ]. The administration of the microencapsulated formulation led to significant lowering of proinflammatory cytokine levels [ 17 ]. Markers linked to colonic epithelial cell survival were also increased by the microencapsulated L. acidophilus formulation [ 17 ].…”