Suppression of mitochondrial dehydrogenases accompanying post-glyoxylate cycle activation of gluconeogenesis and reduced lipid peroxidation events during dormancy breakage of walnut kernels by moist chilling
“…The activity of IDH was determined using the improved method described by Keshavarzian et al [ 51 ]. The 0.5 mL crude enzyme extract was a mixture containing 0.5 mL of 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer containing 1 mM MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, 1 mM NAD, and 10 mM DL-isocitric acid trisodium salt.…”
Postharvest abnormal chilling injury (CI) behavior in papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit is a rare phenomenon that may be associated with respiratory metabolism. This study thus aimed to investigate the impacts of storage temperatures (1 and 6 °C) on the respiratory metabolism of postharvest papaya and its impact on CI development. Results demonstrated that 1 °C storage reduced the activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), citrate synthase (CS), and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) and regulated the expression of corresponding enzymes in the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle compared with 6 °C storage, resulting in a lower respiration rate of the EMP-TCA pathway and mitigating the development of CI. Meanwhile, lower contents of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (hydrogen) (NAD(H)) were observed in papaya fruit stored at 1 °C. Notably, papaya fruit stored at 1 °C maintained higher activity and transcriptional levels of SDH and IDH during the whole storage period. These findings suggest that 1 °C storage reduced the respiration rate of the EMP-TCA pathway by reducing the expression level and activity of related enzymes, which is conducive to the reduction of respiration substrate consumption and finally alleviating the occurrence of CI.
“…The activity of IDH was determined using the improved method described by Keshavarzian et al [ 51 ]. The 0.5 mL crude enzyme extract was a mixture containing 0.5 mL of 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer containing 1 mM MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, 1 mM NAD, and 10 mM DL-isocitric acid trisodium salt.…”
Postharvest abnormal chilling injury (CI) behavior in papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit is a rare phenomenon that may be associated with respiratory metabolism. This study thus aimed to investigate the impacts of storage temperatures (1 and 6 °C) on the respiratory metabolism of postharvest papaya and its impact on CI development. Results demonstrated that 1 °C storage reduced the activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), citrate synthase (CS), and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) and regulated the expression of corresponding enzymes in the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle compared with 6 °C storage, resulting in a lower respiration rate of the EMP-TCA pathway and mitigating the development of CI. Meanwhile, lower contents of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (hydrogen) (NAD(H)) were observed in papaya fruit stored at 1 °C. Notably, papaya fruit stored at 1 °C maintained higher activity and transcriptional levels of SDH and IDH during the whole storage period. These findings suggest that 1 °C storage reduced the respiration rate of the EMP-TCA pathway by reducing the expression level and activity of related enzymes, which is conducive to the reduction of respiration substrate consumption and finally alleviating the occurrence of CI.
“…Um dos métodos utilizados para promover a superação da dormência fisiológica é o uso da estratificação (Debska et al 2013), que consiste em manter as sementes sob baixas temperaturas (Keshavarzian et al 2013), ou a aplicação exógena de soluções contendo giberelinas. O ácido giberélico, considerado ativador enzimático endógeno, pode promover a germinação de sementes (Dalastra et al 2010), quando aplicado de forma exógena.…”
Section: Methods To Overcome Dormancy In Tree Tomato (Solanum Betaceuunclassified
RESUMO O tomateiro arbóreo (Solanum betaceum) é espécie pouco conhecida, porém, apresenta frutos com enorme potencialidade de mercado, uma vez que podem ser consumidos tanto in natura como na forma industrializada. Contudo, um dos entraves para essa potencialidade se tornar realidade é a produção de mudas. A propagação dessa espécie ocorre por meio de sementes, mas, normalmente, a germinação requer tempo, principalmente sob condições de estresse. Objetivou-se verificar se existe dormência em sementes de tomate arbóreo e a técnica adequada para obter germinação rápida e uniforme. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (métodos para superação de dormência x luz), com 4 repetições de 50 ou 60 sementes, de acordo com o ciclo produtivo. Os métodos avaliados foram estratificação, hidrocondicionamento, condicionamento osmótico com GA3 e controle, com e sem luz. Também foram avaliados a germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação, bem como o início e tempo médio de germinação. A utilização de GA3 na concentração de 100 mg L-1 ou 300 mg L-1 é recomendada para a germinação de sementes de tomate arbóreo.
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