No abstract
Biodegradable active films incorporated with lyophilized extract of Baccharis dracunculifolia, source plant of Brazilian green propolis, were prepared by casting method. The extraction conditions of the bioactive compounds were optimized to generate a lyophilized product that was added to the starch: poly(vinyl alcohol) (1:1 w/w) film at concentrations of 0%, 1.0%, and 1.5% (w/w). The addition of B. dracunculifolia extracts promotes a reduction in the mechanical properties and an increase in the opacity of the active biodegradable films, directly related to the B. dracunculifolia contend added. For the migration tests in the films, using different food simulants solvents, the antioxidant activity (DPPH) and the TPC were performed, and ranged from 71.64 to 215.06 μmol Trolox and from 14.57 to 40.95 mg GAE (Gallic acid equivalent), per gram of film, respectively. The active biodegradable films were efficient against the pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. The HPLC analysis showed that the major components in B. dracunculifolia extract were catechin, followed by ferulic acid. According to the characteristics presented, B. dracunculifolia lyophilized extract is a promising product for incorporation in food or pharmaceutical formulas, or as an active food packaging, due to its antioxidant and bactericidal activities.
RESUMO O tomateiro arbóreo (Solanum betaceum) é espécie pouco conhecida, porém, apresenta frutos com enorme potencialidade de mercado, uma vez que podem ser consumidos tanto in natura como na forma industrializada. Contudo, um dos entraves para essa potencialidade se tornar realidade é a produção de mudas. A propagação dessa espécie ocorre por meio de sementes, mas, normalmente, a germinação requer tempo, principalmente sob condições de estresse. Objetivou-se verificar se existe dormência em sementes de tomate arbóreo e a técnica adequada para obter germinação rápida e uniforme. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (métodos para superação de dormência x luz), com 4 repetições de 50 ou 60 sementes, de acordo com o ciclo produtivo. Os métodos avaliados foram estratificação, hidrocondicionamento, condicionamento osmótico com GA3 e controle, com e sem luz. Também foram avaliados a germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação, bem como o início e tempo médio de germinação. A utilização de GA3 na concentração de 100 mg L-1 ou 300 mg L-1 é recomendada para a germinação de sementes de tomate arbóreo.
This work aims to verify possible answers to the reading/writing, related to the fall of the universal knowledge and the social patterns that were good until some time ago, due to the loss in clear directions and the following birth of a person helpless in his own language, that can't distinguish the right from wrong, neither answer the basic questions in life, such as: when get married, what course should do, what family built. We believe that the possibility of the construction of the new way lays in the articulation between Psychoanalysis, Education and Art, more specifically, the Literary Art, because that is attached to the psychoanalytic theories building so by Freud and Lacan,which appealed to Literature to structure the basis of their thought. In order to reach this objective, we looked over Freud's and Lacan's studies, searching for a better comprehension of the word, and, in his last teaching, considered his more abstract and disturbing work. And, facing the radical emptiness that is noticed, it's allowed to the actual helpless person to create his own esthetic, his own style. This way, the singular writing of Clarisse Lispector points out the universal model, and, at the same time, as an example of building a singular style, suggesting a possible education more creative and that respects the individuality of each one, so that the reading/writing act can be understood as a communication and transmition not of absolute knowledge, but from the knowledges that come up from the personal history of each reader/writer.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the germination of P. granatum seeds after storage under different temperatures. The experiment was performed at Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná -UTFPR -Campus Dois Vizinhos. The seeds were stored in sealed glass jars under temperatures of 5°C, 10°C e 25°C, por 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 days. After each period, the seeds were sowed in Gerbox ® boxes kept at 25°C. A completely randomized design was used, in a factorial 3 x 9 (temperature x period of storage), with four repetitions of 100 seeds each. After 60 days of implementation, percentage of germinated seeds, GSI and AGT, were evaluated. The data was transformed and submitted to variance analysis (p ≤ 0,05) and Duncan's test. Seeds of P. granatum can be stored at the temperature of 5°C for 240 days.
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