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The distribution, enumeration, and identification of lactobacilli on vegetable plants were studied in an area described geographically as being subtropical and moist. The lactobacilli were obtained, by means of quantitative enrichment procedures in Rogosa's SL broth, from 35.3% of all samples incubated at 32 C, and from 15.4% of the samples incubated at 45 C. Less than 10 lactobacilli/g of plant material were enumerated in 54% of all positive samples. The lactobacilli were found much less frequently and in lower numbers than were streptococci or Leuconostoc mesenteroides . The most frequently isolated lactobacillus was very simular to, but not identical with, Lactobacillus fermenti . It was aerogenic, grew well at both 15 and 45 C, fermented arabinose, lactose, and sucrose, and liberated ammonia from arginine. Of the identified species, L. plantarum, L. fermenti , and L. brevis were the most frequently isolated, whereas L. casei, L. viridescens, L. cellobiosus, L. salivarius , and L. buchneri were obtained from small numbers of samples. The widespread but sporadic distribution of lactobacilli in low numbers seems to indicate that these organisms do not normally thrive on plant surfaces. A ternary cycle, beginning with intestinal waste, followed by mechanical distribution to and among plants, and return to the host via the oral cavity, is suggested.
The distribution, enumeration, and identification of lactobacilli on vegetable plants were studied in an area described geographically as being subtropical and moist. The lactobacilli were obtained, by means of quantitative enrichment procedures in Rogosa's SL broth, from 35.3% of all samples incubated at 32 C, and from 15.4% of the samples incubated at 45 C. Less than 10 lactobacilli/g of plant material were enumerated in 54% of all positive samples. The lactobacilli were found much less frequently and in lower numbers than were streptococci or Leuconostoc mesenteroides . The most frequently isolated lactobacillus was very simular to, but not identical with, Lactobacillus fermenti . It was aerogenic, grew well at both 15 and 45 C, fermented arabinose, lactose, and sucrose, and liberated ammonia from arginine. Of the identified species, L. plantarum, L. fermenti , and L. brevis were the most frequently isolated, whereas L. casei, L. viridescens, L. cellobiosus, L. salivarius , and L. buchneri were obtained from small numbers of samples. The widespread but sporadic distribution of lactobacilli in low numbers seems to indicate that these organisms do not normally thrive on plant surfaces. A ternary cycle, beginning with intestinal waste, followed by mechanical distribution to and among plants, and return to the host via the oral cavity, is suggested.
The main and most important subject of the article is Rafał Malczewski, who in the interwar period belonged to the elite of the Warsaw intelligentsia. He was successful as a painter, writer, and journalist, collaborating with the most prestigious magazines of the time. The article focuses on Malczewski’s literary output in exile following World War II, after he had settled in Montreal in 1942. Relying primarily on Rafał Malczewski’s correspondence with the poet Jan Lechoń and with the editor in chief of the London publication Wiadomości, the article shows the important role in Malczewski’s life of literary work, which saved him from existential apathy and depression. He collaborated with Wiadomości, one of the most important Polish literary magazines published in exile after World War II. The correspondence between Malczewski’s partner of many years, Zofia Mikucka-Malczewska, and Mieczysław Grydzewski, describes the events surrounding the creation of the special issue of Wiadomości devoted to the writer.
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