Suppression of cup-burner flames using carbon dioxide inBmicrogravity

Suppression of fuel and air stream diluted methane–air partially premixed flames in normal and microgravity

“…The most effective location to introduce inert fire suppression agents for NP flames is into their air stream [7,12], while FSD is more effective for premixed flames [20]. The existence of multiple reaction zones in PPFs produces different influences of the FSD and ASD.…”

“…In contrast, counterflow flames extinguish through the weakening of the reaction zone that is caused by the dilution of the oxidizer stream. [7,8]. Although these extinction mechanisms appear to be different, counterflow flames have been considered as the limiting case for low stretch jet flames [8,13,14].…”

“…However, none of these chemically active agents explicitly fulfills the dual criteria of human safety and being environmentally benign. Consequently, a variety of inert fire suppressants have been investigated, such as water mists [6] and inert gases [7]. Water mists are successfully used in terrestrial applications, but their use in space-based applications is improbable due to water delivery issues as well as the isolation and cleanup of excess water.…”

“…NP flame studies have generally involved the suppression of counterflow [8] and cup burner flames [7]. A cup burner or NP jet flame extinguishes through a 'blow out' mechanism which decreases the reactivity of the flame base with increasing oxidizer stream dilution [7,12].…”

Technology Development for Fire Safety in Exploration Spacecraft and Habitats

“…In these investigations, various experimental configurations are being used including opposed-flow diffusion flames, 24 cup burners, [25][26][27] and PMMA cylinders. 28 Several of these studies are continuing and new ground-based and low-g data are still being analyzed.…”