Suppression of cholesterogenesis and reduction of LDL cholesterol by dietary ginseng and its fractions in chicken liver

Qureshi, Asaf A.; Abuirmeileh, Naji M.; Din, Zafeer Z.; Ahmad, Yusuf; Burger, W. C.; Elson, Charles E.

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(83)90019-9

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Compound K, a major intestinal metabolite of ginsenosides, has been demonstrated to elevate gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and decrease gene expression of fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 through activating AMP-activated protein kinase in HepG2 human hepatoma cells [32]. The previous study revealed that ginseng extract rich in ginsenosides suppressed hepatic cholesterol synthesis via inhibiting hepatic β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activities [33]. These results suggest that ginseng extract, ginsenoside Rb1 and their metabolite may accelerate lipid utilization and suppress lipid biosynthesis in the liver to further decrease elevated hepatic triglycerides induced by CCl 4 exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rb1 attenuate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Hou

Tsai

Lin

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundGinsenosides, the major bioactive compounds in ginseng root, have been found to have antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. This study investigated the effects of ginsenosides on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatitis and liver fibrosis in rats.MethodsMale Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, CCl4, CCl4 + 0.5 g/kg Panax ginseng extract and CCl4 + 0.05 g/kg ginsenoside Rb1 groups. The treated groups were orally given Panax ginseng extract or ginsenoside Rb1 two weeks before the induction of liver injury for successive 9 weeks. Liver injury was induced by intraperitoneally injected with 400 ml/l CCl4 at a dose of 0.75 ml/kg body weight weekly for 7 weeks. The control group was intraperitoneally injected with olive oil.ResultsThe pathological results showed that ginsenoside Rb1 decreased hepatic fat deposition (2.65 ± 0.82 vs 3.50 ± 0.75, p <0.05) and Panax ginseng extract lowered hepatic reticular fiber accumulation (1.05 ± 0.44 vs 1.60 ± 0.39, p <0.01) increased by CCl4. Plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were increased by CCl4 (p <0.01), and aspartate aminotransferase activity was decreased by Panax ginseng extract at week 9 (p <0.05). Exposure to CCl4 for 7 weeks, the levels of plasma and hepatic triglycerides (p <0.01), hepatic cholesterol (p <0.01), interleukin-1β (p <0.01), prostaglandin E2 (p <0.05), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (p <0.05), hydroxyproline (p <0.05), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (p <0.05) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) (p <0.01) were elevated, however, hepatic interleukin-10 level was lowered (p <0.05). Both Panax ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rb1 decreased plasma and hepatic triglyceride, hepatic prostaglandin E2, hydroxyproline and TIMP-1 levels, and Panax ginseng extract further inhibited interleukin-1β concentrations (p <0.05).ConclusionsPanax ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rb1 attenuate plasma aminotransferase activities and liver inflammation to inhibit CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through down-regulation of hepatic prostaglandin E2 and TIMP-1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rb1 attenuate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Hou

Tsai

Lin

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Ginseng has many bioactive components such as saponins that inhibit lipogenesis in chickens (Qureshi et al, 1983). The blood triglyceride concentration was significantly reduced by adding wild ginseng adventitious root to the diets of laying hens (Yan et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Factors Affecting Abdominal Fat Deposition in Poultry: A Review

Fouad¹,

El-Senousey²

2014

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

193

147

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The major goals of the poultry industry are to increase the carcass yield and to reduce carcass fatness, mainly the abdominal fat pad. The increase in poultry meat consumption has guided the selection process toward fast-growing broilers with a reduced feed conversion ratio. Intensive selection has led to great improvements in economic traits such as body weight gain, feed efficiency, and breast yield to meet the demands of consumers, but modern commercial chickens exhibit excessive fat accumulation in the abdomen area. However, dietary composition and feeding strategies may offer practical and efficient solutions for reducing body fat deposition in modern poultry strains. Thus, the regulation of lipid metabolism to reduce the abdominal fat content based on dietary composition and feeding strategy, as well as elucidating their effects on the key enzymes associated with lipid metabolism, could facilitate the production of lean meat and help to understand the fat-lowering effects of diet and different feeding strategies.

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“…Studies have shown that KRG helps prevent diabetes mellitus [13], atherosclerosis [14], erectile dysfunction [15], immune dysfunction [16], carcinogenesis [17], and physicochemical stress [18] among other disorders. Additionally, we reported that the administration of KRG water extract (KRG-WE) protects testicular function [19], and improves sperm survival rate and quality in guinea pigs exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%