Suppression of Annual Bromes Impacts Rangeland: Vegetation Responses

Haferkamp, Marshall R.; Heitschmidt, R. K.; Grings, E. E.; MacNeil, M. D.; Karl, Michael

doi:10.2307/4003667

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This gives them a head start in competing for moisture and nutrients with native species, thereby reducing native production and nutritional content of forage (Haferkamp et al. , ). Annual bromes' barbed seeds are a nuisance to grazing wildlife, and the species' early senescence (compared with native grasses) adversely affects wildlife forage availability later in the growing season (Ogle et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preserving prairies: understanding temporal and spatial patterns of invasive annual bromes in the Northern Great Plains

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Two Eurasian invasive annual brome grasses, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus), are well known for their impact in steppe ecosystems of the western United States where these grasses have altered fire regimes, reduced native plant diversity and abundance, and degraded wildlife habitat. Annual bromes are also abundant in the grasslands of the Northern Great Plains (NGP), but their impact and ecology are not as well studied. It is unclear whether the lessons learned from the steppe will translate to the mixed-grass prairie where native plant species are adapted to frequent fires and grazing. Developing a successful annual brome management strategy for National Park Service units and other NGP grasslands requires better understanding of (1) the impact of annual bromes on grassland condition; (2) the dynamics of these species through space and time; and (3) the relative importance of environmental factors within and outside managers' control for these spatiotemporal dynamics. Here, we use vegetation monitoring data collected from 1998 to 2015 in 295 sites to relate spatiotemporal variability of annual brome grasses to grassland composition, weather, physical environmental characteristics, and ecological processes (grazing and fire). Concern about the impact of these species in NGP grasslands is warranted, as we found a decline in native species richness with increasing annual brome cover. Annual brome cover generally increased over the time of monitoring but also displayed a 3-to 5-yr cycle of reduction and resurgence. Relative cover of annual bromes in the monitored areas was best predicted by park unit, weather, extant plant community, slope grade, soil composition, and fire history. We found no evidence that grazing reduced annual brome cover, but this may be due to the relatively low grazing pressure in our study. By understanding the consequences and patterns of annual brome invasion, we will be better able to preserve and restore these grassland landscapes for future generations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preserving prairies: understanding temporal and spatial patterns of invasive annual bromes in the Northern Great Plains

et al. 2016

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“…Detailed information on the current and projected distribution of Japanese brome is unavailable, but it has invaded large areas in the central and northern Great Plains (Haferkamp et al 2001a;Harmoney 2007), where it often cooccurs with cheatgrass (Ogle et al 2004). Japanese brome is known to reduce growth and forage quality of native forage species (Haferkamp and Heitschmidt 1999;Haferkamp et al 2001a;Perry et al 2009) and reduce livestock performance below that obtained on noninvaded native rangeland (Haferkamp et al 2001b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Regulator Herbicides Prevent Invasive Annual Grass Seed Production Under Field Conditions

Rinella

Masters

Bellows³

2010

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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Growth regulator herbicides, such as 2,4-D, dicamba, picloram, and aminopyralid, are commonly used to control broadleaf weeds in rangelands, noncroplands, and cereal crops. If applied to cereals at late growth stages, while the grasses are developing reproductive parts, the herbicides often reduce cereal seed production. We are researching methods for using this injury response to control invasive annual grasses in rangelands by depleting their short-lived seed banks. In a previous greenhouse study, we found picloram and dicamba reduced seed production of the invasive annual grass Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.) by nearly 100%. However, this promising greenhouse finding needs to be corroborated in the field before growth regulators can be confidently recommended for invasive annual grass control. This research note describes a study conducted in eastern Montana suggesting growth regulators may provide excellent control of invasive annual grasses. Specifically, we found typical use rates of aminopyralid and picloram reduced Japanese brome seed production by more than 95% (based on sample means) when applied at three different plant growth stages. This promising result contributes to the accumulating body of evidence suggesting growth regulators may control invasive annual grasses. Resumen Los herbicidas reguladores del crecimiento tales como el 2-4D, dicamba, picloram y aminipyralid se utilizan comúnmente para controlar las malezas de hoja ancha en pastizales, en cultivos de cereales así como en no cultivos. Si se utilizan en cereales en las etapas finales de crecimiento, cuando los pastos están desarrollando las partes reproductivas, estos herbicidas reducen a menudo la producción de semilla de los cereales. Estamos investigando métodos para utilizar esta respuesta de lesión para controlar pastos invasivos anuales en pastizales por medio de la disminución del banco de semillas de corta duración. En estudios previos de invernadero encontramos que el picloram y dicamba disminuyen las producción de semilla del pasto anual invasivo el bromo Japonés (Bromus japonicus Thunb.) casi en un 100%. Sin embargo estos estudios en el invernadero que son muy prometedores necesitan corroborarse en situaciones de campo antes de que los reguladores del crecimiento puedan recomendarse con la finalidad de controlar los pastos anuales. Esta investigación describe un estudio realizado en la parte oriental de Montana que propone el uso de los reguladores de crecimiento para control efectivamente los pastos anuales invasivos. Específicamente, encontramos que niveles típicos de aminopyralid y picloram disminuyen la producción de semilla del bromo Japonés en más de 95% (basándose en el promedio de las muestras) cuando se aplicó en tres estados diferentes de crecimiento. Estos resultados son prometedores y sugieren que los reguladores de crecimiento pueden controlar las gramíneas anuales invasivas.

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“…Japanese brome is very similar to its more wellknown congeneric cheatgrass in terms of biology, ecology, and impacts. Detailed information on the current and projected distribution of Japanese brome is unavailable, but it has invaded expansive areas in the central and northern Great Plains (Haferkamp et al 2001b;Harmoney 2007), where it often co-occurs with cheatgrass (Ogle et al 2004). Japanese brome is known to compete with native vegetation (Haferkamp and Heitschmidt 1999;Perry et al 2009), and reduce livestock performance below that obtained on native range (Haferkamp et al 2001a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Regulator Herbicides Prevent Invasive Annual Grass Seed Production

Rinella

Haferkamp

Masters³

et al. 2010

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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Auxinic herbicides, such as 2,4-D and dicamba, that act as plant growth regulators are commonly used for broadleaf weed control in cereal crops (e.g., wheat, barley), grasslands, and noncroplands. If applied at late growth stages, while cereals are developing reproductive parts, the herbicides can reduce seed production. We tested whether growth regulators have this same effect on the invasive annual grass Japanese brome. The herbicides 2,4-D, dicamba, and picloram were applied at typical field use rates to Japanese brome at various growth stages in a greenhouse. Picloram reduced seed production nearly 100% when applied at the internode elongation, boot, or heading stages of growth, whereas dicamba appeared to be slightly less effective and 2,4-D was much less effective. Our results indicate it may be possible to control Japanese brome by using growth regulator herbicides to reduce its seed production, thereby depleting its short-lived seed bank.

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Suppression of Annual Bromes Impacts Rangeland: Vegetation Responses

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Preserving prairies: understanding temporal and spatial patterns of invasive annual bromes in the Northern Great Plains

Preserving prairies: understanding temporal and spatial patterns of invasive annual bromes in the Northern Great Plains

Growth Regulator Herbicides Prevent Invasive Annual Grass Seed Production Under Field Conditions

Growth Regulator Herbicides Prevent Invasive Annual Grass Seed Production

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