Suppression Effect of Astaxanthin on Osteoclast Formation In Vitro and Bone Loss In Vivo

Abstract

Abstract:Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction of the bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitectural deterioration of the bone, which lead to bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Astaxanthin (AST) has a variety of biological activities, such as a protective effect against asthma or neuroinflammation, antioxidant effect, and decrease of the osteoclast number in the right mandibles in the periodontitis model. Although treatment with AST is known to have an effect on inflammation, no studies on the effect of AST exposure on bone loss have been performed. Thus, in the present study, we examined the antiosteoporotic effect of AST on bone mass in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and its possible mechanism of action. The administration of AST (5, 10 mg/kg) for 6 weeks suppressed the enhancement of serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. The bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microarchitecture of the trabecular bone in the tibia and femur were recovered by AST exposure. Moreover, in the in vitro experiment, we demonstrated that AST inhibits osteoclast formation through the expression of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1, dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), TRAP, and cathepsin K without any cytotoxic effects on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Therefore, we suggest that AST may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

The Beneficial Effect of Boswellic Acid on Bone Metabolism and Possible Mechanisms of Action in Experimental Osteoporosis

“…Osteoporosis, a pandemic health issue affecting generally postmenopausal women, is a systemic skeletal disease known with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and micro-architectural impairment of the quality of bone tissue [ 1 ]. This debilitating condition of osteoporosis leads to a higher risk of bone brittleness and vulnerability to fracture and is associated with morbidity, mortality, and a reduction in quality of life [ 2 ].…”

Protective Effects of 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside on Ovariectomy Induced Osteoporosis Mouse Model

“…Analyses were conducted as previously described [ 59 ]. Briefly, the morphometric parameters of the bones (femur and tibia) were determined using a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) system (Skyscan 1272, Bruker micro-CT, Kontich, Belgium).…”

“…The bone and uterus staining were performed as previously described [ 59 , 60 ]. Briefly, the bone samples were fixed in 4% formaldehyde at room temperature, and decalcified in 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).…”

Carotenoids and Periodontal Infection

“…Astaxanthin has a variety of biological activities such as antioxidant effects or inhibitory effects against asthma or neuro-inflammation [48]. Recently, Hwang demonstrated that anti-osteoporotic effects of astaxanthin on the bone mass of ovariectomized (OVX) mice [48].…”

“…Astaxanthin has a variety of biological activities such as antioxidant effects or inhibitory effects against asthma or neuro-inflammation [48]. Recently, Hwang demonstrated that anti-osteoporotic effects of astaxanthin on the bone mass of ovariectomized (OVX) mice [48]. Interestingly, administration of astaxanthin suppressed significantly the increase of serum calcium levels, alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in the OVX mice.…”